This paper provides a bibliometric analysis and literature review to explore the current application landscape of the Systems Theoretic Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) principles and techniques in the railway transportation domain. Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed 118 research documents retrieved from prominent bibliographic databases, covering the period from 2008 to September 2023. The investigated research works, involving STAMP, mainly focus on two topics: 1) applications of STAMP to railway accident modeling/analysis and 2) applications of Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) to railway hazard analysis and risk assessment. In this paper, while the STAMP related studies are discussed with respect to the considered railway accidents, the studies related to STPA analysis are discussed with respect to three subjects, STPA applications, STPA comparative studies, and STPA extensions and improvements. Ultimately, this review aims to provide academic researchers and railway practitioners with a comprehensive exploration and analysis of the current state of knowledge on STAMP within the railway sector.