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                <term xml:lang="en">harmful species</term>
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              <p>The relationship between those involved in the management of living organisms and biodiversity is a central issue in the future of urban spaces: not only do the majority of humankind lives in or under the influence of an urban space, but urbanization is one of the main causes of biodiversity erosion on a global scale. This article examines the issues of sorting and caring for the living, which organize and influence the changing relationship between managers and, ultimately, city dwellers, towards urban biodiversity. Firstly, we explore the heritage of the different management working cultures, through a review on hygienism and its evolutions (post-hygienism and neo-hygienism). We then analyze regulations and the ways in which managers apply or fail to apply them. Finally, we present the results of a survey of public and semi-public stakeholders in the management of urban public spaces in several French local authorities. It reveals a diversity of representations and even narratives that produce different ways of legitimizing the sorting of non-human beings within the city.</p>
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              <p>Le rapport des acteurs de la gestion du vivant à la biodiversité est un enjeu central dans l’avenir des espaces urbains : non seulement la majorité de la population humaine habite en ville ou dans l’aire d’influence d’un espace urbain, mais cette urbanisation du monde est une des causes principales de l’érosion de la biodiversité à l’échelle globale. Cet article propose d’examiner les enjeux de tri et de soin du vivant qui organisent et influencent l’évolution du rapport des gestionnaires et in fine, des citadins à la biodiversité urbaine. Dans une première partie, nous explorons l’héritage des différentes cultures gestionnaires du vivant en ville, à travers une revue de la littérature sur l’hygiénisme et ses évolutions (post-hygiénisme et néo-hygiénisme). Nous analysons ensuite le corpus réglementaire et les modalités de son application ou non par les praticiens. Enfin, nous présentons les résultats d’une enquête auprès d’acteurs publics et parapublics de la gestion des espaces publics urbains dans plusieurs collectivités françaises. Cette enquête montre une diversité de représentations voire de récits qui produisent différents registres de légitimation d’un tri du vivant non humain en ville.</p>
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