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              <p>The complexity of the opaque soil matrix is a major obstacle to studying the organisms that inhabit it. Fasttechnological progress now offers new possibilities for the monitoring of soil biodiversity and root growth, suchas in situ soil imaging. This study presents the potential of soil imaging devices for the monitoring of soilbiological activity.The soil imaging devices were buried in a truffle field located in the south of France and set up to captureimages automatically every 6 hours at 1200 dpi. For the first time, root growth, mycorrhizal colonization andinvertebrate occurrences – for 16 taxa – were studied simultaneously on the images captured over 3 months(between May and July 2019). The very high resolution of the images allowed to monitor the activity of theseorganisms over the period.Results highlight a peak in root growth at the end of May and beginning of June, followed by a peak inectomycorrhizal colonization in mid-June. For invertebrates, specific dynamics of activity were observed foreach taxon, reflecting contrasting phenologies. The constructed network of co-occurrences betweeninvertebrates shows a change in its structure over the period, with a reduction of connectance. At a fine scale,oak fine roots revealed temporally variable growth rates with higher values at night.This window on the opaque soil matrix addresses many methodological challenges by allowing the monitoringof soil biological activity in an integrative, dynamic and non-destructive way. This innovative in situ imaging toolopens new questions and new ways of answering long-standing questions in soil ecology</p>
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