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            <title xml:lang="en">Racism, a key category in children's political opinions</title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Racism, a key category in children's political opinions</title>
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              <p>Contemporary European societies are marked by a dual movement towards racism. Since 1945, the rejection of fascist and Nazi totalitarian systems based on the exclusion or even extermination of "inferior races" has led them to place at the top of their values and fundamental rights the recognition of equal human dignity for all, whatever their origins or skin colour. In France, expressions of racism and anti-Semitism are prohibited, as is any discrimination based on grounds such as origin or supposed race. But the historical roots of racism in our societies perpetuate racist stereotypes and prejudices that continue to circulate within institutions, through cultural works, the media, digital platforms, etc.&lt;br /&gt;Children are educated with this double heritage. The socialisation of children through which adults, their parents, relatives, schools and the media pass on the norms and values of society must give them the keys to the rule of law, the equal rights of all human beings, the non-existence of races, but also the ravages of racist ideologies and the place of racist theories in culture and history. The task is necessarily complex. In today's multicultural French society, however, children are particularly sensitive to the inequalities and discriminatory issues of racism.</p>
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              <p>Les sociétés européennes contemporaines sont marquées par un double mouvement vis-à-vis du racisme. Depuis 1945, le rejet des systèmes totalitaires fascistes et nazis qui reposaient sur l’exclusion voire l’extermination des « races inférieures » les a conduites à placer au sommet de leurs valeurs et de leurs droits fondamentaux la reconnaissance d’une dignité humaine égale pour tous, quelles que soient leurs origines ou leurs couleurs de peau. En France les expressions du racisme comme de l’antisémitisme sont interdites, ainsi que toute discrimination qui s’appuierait sur des motivations liées à l’origine, à la race supposée, notamment. Mais l’ancrage historique du racisme au sein de nos sociétés perpétue stéréotypes et préjugés racistes qui continuent à circuler au sein des institutions, au travers des œuvres culturelles, des médias, des plateformes numériques, etc.&lt;br /&gt;Les enfants sont élevés dans ce double héritage. La socialisation des enfants par lesquels les adultes, leurs parents, leurs proches, l’école, les médias, leur transmettent les normes et valeurs de la société doit leur donner les clés de l’état de droit, l’égalité en droit de tous les humains, de la non existence des races, mais aussi des ravages des idéologies racistes ainsi que de la place des théories racistes dans la culture et l’histoire. La tache est nécessairement complexe. Dans la société multiculturelle française actuelle, les enfants sont cependant particulièrement sensibles aux inégalités et aux enjeux discriminatoires du racisme.</p>
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