A Route to Complex Materials Consisting of Multiple Crystalline Phases Ir‐Ru‐Ir$_x$Ru$_{1‐x}$O$_2$ as Multifunctional Electrocatalysts
Résumé
The synthesis of catalytic materials containing active sites of various oxidation states (metal, oxide, etc.) for the dual use in reduction and oxidation reactions remains challenging because most of the reported methods for the metallic state are often incompatible with those for the oxide state. A new methodology is reported for the synthesis of a library of bimetallic metal‐oxide materials containing three crystalline phases Ir‐Ru‐Ir$_x$Ru$_{1‐x}$O$_2$ by combining the calcination under air and the polymerization of aniline in the presence of IrCl$_3$ and RuCl$_3$ precursors. Morphology, structure, and surface oxidation state studies (XRD, SEM/EDX, S/TEM, XPS) confirm the hypothesis that IrCl$_3$ evolves to Ir while RuCl$_3$ evolves to RuO$_2$ during the calcination under air. An Ir:Ru atomic ratio of 50:50 can be converted into a heterogeneous nanostructure composed of Ir, Ru, and Ir$_x$Ru$_{1‐x}$O$_2$ to date, with remarkable catalytic activity for both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with a small overpotential of 40 mV and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with a small overpotential of 290 mV at the metric current density of 10 mA cm$^{−2}$ in 0.5 m H$_2$SO$_4$. The results can serve as a platform for the development of efficient multifunctional materials for practical use in both catalytic oxidation and reduction reactions.
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