Bird Reproduction Overview
Résumé
Avian reproduction presents specific reproductive traits: (i) oviparity with the production of telolecithal hard-shelled eggs, (ii) unique ovary and highly specialized oviduct in females, and (iii) internal testes and deferent ducts in males, with the development and maturation of spermatozoa in higher temperature than in mammals. Polyspermic fertilization occurs within the female reproductive tract, following complex sperm selection and long-term storage. In wild species, avian reproduction undergoes annual cycles influenced by photoperiods, temperature, and nutrition. Some reproductive biotechnologies are available for avian species in order to enhance poultry production as well as to conserve avian genetic diversity.