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                <term xml:lang="en">Cross-sectional geometry</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Biomechanic</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Locomotion</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Primates</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Géométrie de section</term>
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              <p>The interpretation of hominin locomotor behaviors, which is largely based on actualism, implies a clear understanding of form-function relationship between the biomechanics of the skeleton and the locomotor behaviors of extant primates. In this study, we tested this relationship by measuring the structural properties of 127 femoral diaphyses from six genera and 10 species of catarrhine primates whose locomotor behaviors are well documented. The structural properties were assessed on the entire diaphysis via cross-sectional geometry properties including relative cortical area (%CA) and cross-sectional bending rigidity and shape (Ix/Iy and Imax/Imin), as well as the pattern of overall cortical bone distribution (cortical thickness maps). Concerning cross-sectional properties, our results highlight marked differences in CSG along the femoral diaphysis of locomotor-related groups such as knuckle-walker African apes and quadrupedal cercopithecoids. Humans seem to be distinctive in their anteroposterior bending rigidity, especially at midshaft, while brachiator hylobatids differ very little from all other groups. Concerning overall cortical bone distribution, humans differ from non-human primates. In the latter, a hominoid-cercopithecoid partition supports previously reported influence of phylogeny rather than locomotor behaviors in shaping the structural properties of the femoral diaphysis. Caution is therefore needed when inferring locomotor behavior in fossils solely based on femoral structural properties.</p>
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            <abstract xml:lang="fr">
              <p>L'interprétation des comportements locomoteurs des hominines, largement basée sur le principe d’actualisme, implique une compréhension claire de la relation forme-fonction existant entre la biomécanique du squelette et les comportements locomoteurs des primates actuels. Dans cette étude, nous avons testé cette relation en mesurant les propriétés endostructurales de 127 diaphyses fémorales provenant de six genres et de dix espèces de primates catarrhiniens, dont les comportements locomoteurs sont documentés. Les propriétés endostructurales ont été mesurées sur la totalité de la diaphyse par le biais des paramètres de géométrie de section, notamment l’aire corticale relative (%CA), la rigidité à la flexion et la forme des sections (Ix/Iy et Imax/Imin), ainsi que le modèle de distribution de l'os cortical (cartographies d'épaisseur corticale). Concernant les paramètres de géométrie de section de la diaphyse fémorale, nos résultats mettent en évidence des différences marquées entre des groupes dont la locomotion est proche, tels que les grands-singes africains knuckle-walkers et les cercopithécoïdes quadrupèdes. Les humains semblent se distinguer par une rigidité à la flexion orientée antéropostérieurement, en particulier à mi-diaphyse, tandis que les hylobatidés brachiateurs diffèrent très peu des autres groupes. Concernant le modèle de distribution de l'os cortical, les humains diffèrent des primates non-humains. Chez ces derniers, une distinction entre hominoïdes et cercopithécoïdes confirme une influence de la phylogénie plutôt que des comportements locomoteurs dans la modulation des propriétés endostructurales de la diaphyse fémorale, comme rapporté par de précédents travaux. Il convient donc d'être prudent lorsque des comportements locomoteurs de fossiles sont déduits uniquement sur la base des propriétés endostructurales du fémur.</p>
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