Digital Regulation: China, United States, France
Résumé
Aifang Ma analyzes how China, France and the United States have set up their regulatory frameworks for online content. The globalization of the digital economy has created a latent but constant pressure to bring technological standards and business practices closer together. It gives digital firms unprecedented power and generating similar challenges for the three studied countries. They have set up regulatory frameworks to regulate content according to their own specific objectives. In China, regulation is intended to defend national security and to safeguard the interests of the party-state. Under the French regulatory framework, citizens are the object of protection. Finally, in the United States, freedom of expression takes priority. Nowadays, China, France and the United States need to refine their regulatory methods without deviating from their fundamental objectives. However, we have seen a convergence in their digital regulation, as digital platforms have acquired extremely important power. This can be illustrated by the capacity of Facebook (now "Meta") and Twitter (now "X") to censor Donald Trump in 2021. In short, authoritarian and democratic countries certainly differ in terms of regulatory objectives. However, since digital giants have acquired power globally, and, in many cases, have become more powerful than public authorities, it has led national governments to mobilize similar regulatory methods to control them.
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