Electrocoagulation for sustainable circular economy: Purification of volatile fatty acids from real fermented food waste
Résumé
In the context of circular economy framework, there is a growing trend to convert food waste into energy through anaerobic digestion. However, an alternative pathway consists in acidogenic fermentation which produces a biogas rich in hy-drogen and a digestate rich in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). SCFAs, ranging from C2 to C6, can serve as platform molecules for the production of microbial li-pids using oleaginous yeasts. But to improve lipid productivity, increasing the C:N ratio is necessary.
In this work, a continuous electrocoagulation process was applied to a liquid di-gestate from acidogenic fermentation (ca. 40 g/L COD, 10 g/L TOC, 0.9 g/L TN, 2.5% TS) which was produced using raw materials from industrial food waste depackaging plants. The objective was to increase the C:N ratio of the medium without removing SCFAs. A 2.3-L electrocoagulation cell was used, consisting of nine parallel iron electrodes (8×97.2 cm2 for the anode and the cathode, respec-tively), with a peristaltic pump imposing a zigzag flow through the cell. Prelimi-nary batch assays (0.5 L, 53 cm2 electrode surface area) were conducted to de-termine the operating conditions, current and residence time (HRT), while moni-toring COD, TOC, TN, TS, and cell potential (U).
Experimental results indicated that the operating conditions of the continuous mode could be inferred from batch data, using the same HRT and multiplying the current by the electrode surface area ratio. Therefore, electrocoagulation required about 25 min HRT to remove 4045% COD, 3045% TC, and 2530% TS, while the SCFAs profile remained unaffected. The C:N ratio was increased from 11 to 16, and from 6 to 14 if only carbon from SFCAs was accounted for. Power requirements ranged between 23 kWh/m3.
In conclusion, electrocoagulation in continuous mode seems to be a versatile pro-cess capable of purifying SCFAs obtained through acidogenic fermentation and increasing the C:N ratio of the digestate to improve downstream SCFAs fermen-tation by oleaginous yeasts. The technology is robust against digestate variability and exhibits low operating and maintenance costs, high efficiency, time savings, and simplicity.