Conceptualisations contemporaines du génocide, du massacre, de la violence extrême et de la transgression dans le champ des études classiques
Résumé
It was following the war in former Yugoslavia and the genocide of the Tutsi in Rwanda that ancient history began to invest the field of war violence in a comparative and multidisciplinary approach. While controlling these different contributions into account, we have chosen to focus on massacres and extreme violence in the PARABAINO research program, approaching these issues through the prism of transgression. This made it possible to focus attention on societies (victims, actors and witnesses, communities and individuals) and to consider several levels of analysis (limits previously set, intolerable in war, stories and representations, inscription of events in memories historical and, in fact, in historiographical constructions). If the results obtained are intended to enrich the history of the Greek and Roman worlds, they should also contribute to the development of long-term research from Antiquity to the present day. It is in this perspective that the present article is written, with the aim of giving an account of the place of Antiquity in “forensic turn” and genocide studies, but also to evaluate the relevance of contemporary conceptualizations of genocide, massacre, extreme violence and transgression in the field of classical studies.