Co-constructing public health messages: the case of salt.
Résumé
Since 1998, Pierre Meneton had been raising awareness about the health risks associated with
excessive salt consumption among the French. It was only later, amid media attention and
changes in public policies (ANSES, PNSS, etc.) that salt became recognized as a public health
issue. With this in mind, our previous work within the ANR Sal&Mieux project focused on how
"salt has infiltrated the public and media space to become a public health issue, as well as on
the modalities of food governance and communication strategies to be deployed" (Hugol-
Gential, Badau, Clerjon, 2023) in order to better understand the behaviors of citizen-consumers
in light of media coverage issues. This research notably revealed the futility of current
awareness-raising methods, pointing out how "communication failures combined with the lack
of an integrative and participatory approach then limit the social acceptability of reducing salt"
(Ibid.). Over the past decades, the issue of salt has been the subject of multiple reports and
political decisions, all advocating for a reduction in salt consumption as part of the broader
category of dietary moderation recommendations, namely "avoid eating too much fat, too
sweet, too salty". Yet, as Michel Morin demonstrates in his work on the proper use of prevention
campaigns, "norms are not changed by mere injunctions and advice, even from respected
authorities" (Morin, 2018: online).
This context and the conclusions from research work have led to a reorientation of our
questions towards substantiating and configuring awareness messages regarding salt in the
diet. Considering injunctions as a determining factor of widespread mistrust, and with the aim
of moving closer to the ideal of "food democracy" (Fouilleux, Michel, 2020) by fostering a
reappropriation of salt issues in the diet, the goal was to understand how different processes of
message reception and appropriation of more neutral messages could or could not play a role
in salting behaviors.