This paper aims to understand the modalities of emergence of the bioeconomy and its springs in terms of local development, from the “territorial capital” conceptual framework composed of tangible and intangible assets. The combination of the two types of assets would explain specific dynamics of development in the context of ecological transition. This evolution within the territorial capital is examined in this paper through the results of the BIOCA project (Bioeconomy in Champagne-Ardenne’s region) within the framework of the PSDR4 program (in french: “Pour et Sur le Développement Régional”, 4th program, whose specificity was to be a participative research). The method is partnership (focus group with the project partner), narrative (field survey of companies and institutions, semi-directive interviews), participatory (participation in events: States-General, general meetings) and interdisciplinary (involving economists, managers, sociologists, geographers). Three models emerge, complementary, each impacting differently on territorial capital: - A highly capital-intensive industrial bioeconomy, embedded in global networks and markets, emerging locally and constituting a pillar of the regional territory project. This local/global articulation contributes to the renewal of territorial capital, but without any real break with the dominant productive model. - A more specialized sectoral bioeconomy, supplied by farmers in an intensive model, targeting plants that consume little input. This intermediate model partially renews territorial capital through its combination with the ecological component of intangible assets. - The agroecological bioeconomy deploying a new relational capital in practices. Think tanks lead collaborative projects around short supply chains in which citizens are also involved, around methanization activities developing partnerships between farmers, or alternatives cooperatives of equipment. Here the renewal of territorial capital by ecological values are more pronounced.