Enumeration of maps with tight boundaries and the Zhukovsky transformation
Résumé
We consider maps with tight boundaries, i.e.\ maps whose boundaries
have minimal length in their homotopy class, and discuss the
properties of their generating functions
$T^{(g)}_{\ell_1,\ldots,\ell_n}$ for fixed genus $g$ and prescribed
boundary lengths $\ell_1,\ldots,\ell_n$, with a control on the
degrees of inner faces. We find that these series appear as
coefficients in the expansion of $\omega^{(g)}_n(z_1,\ldots,z_n)$, a
fundamental quantity in the Eynard-Orantin theory of topological
recursion, thereby providing a combinatorial interpretation of the
Zhukovsky transformation used in this context. This interpretation
results from the so-called trumpet decomposition of maps with
arbitrary boundaries. In the planar bipartite case, we obtain a
fully explicit formula for $T^{(0)}_{2\ell_1,\ldots,2\ell_n}$ from
the Collet-Fusy formula. We also find recursion relations satisfied
by $T^{(g)}_{\ell_1,\ldots,\ell_n}$, which consist in adding an
extra tight boundary, keeping the genus $g$ fixed. Building on a
result of Norbury and Scott, we show that
$T^{(g)}_{\ell_1,\ldots,\ell_n}$ is equal to a parity-dependent
quasi-polynomial in $\ell_1^2,\ldots,\ell_n^2$ times a simple power
of the basic generating function $R$. In passing, we provide a
bijective derivation in the case $(g,n)=(0,3)$, generalizing a
recent construction of ours to the non bipartite case.
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