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                <term xml:lang="en">Electric vehicle charging station operator optimal price menu design demand response</term>
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              <p>The proliferation of Electric Vehicles (EVs) creates new challenges for EV Charging Station Operators (CSOs) due to the increasing charging demand, but also opportunities to leverage EV user flexibility. In this work, we consider an EV CSO offering several charging power rates at different prices, and we explore the design of a price menu. In our setting, EV users are inflexible in their parking duration but flexible in terms of their energy demand, and choose the option that maximizes their welfare, i.e., their utility minus their cost of charging. We formulate the optimal price menu design problem of a profit maximizing CSO as a Mixed Integer Linear Programming problem, and we compare against the outcome of social welfare maximization. We further account for the provision of demand response by the CSO, i.e., lowering its power consumption for a certain period given a certain price for remuneration, by adjusting the price menu (in real time), so as to incent EV users to choose lower power rates. Our numerical demonstrations provide useful insights on the construction of the optimal price menu.</p>
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              <p>La prolifération des véhicules électriques (VE) crée de nouveaux défis pour les opérateurs de stations de recharge de VE (CSO) en raison de l'augmentation de la demande de recharge, mais aussi des opportunités de tirer parti de la flexibilité des utilisateurs de VE. Dans ce travail, nous considérons un opérateur de station de recharge de VE offrant plusieurs taux de puissance de recharge à différents prix, et nous explorons la conception d'un menu de prix. Dans notre cadre, les utilisateurs de VE sont inflexibles en ce qui concerne leur durée de stationnement mais flexibles en ce qui concerne leur demande d'énergie, et choisissent l'option qui maximise leur bien-être, c'est-à-dire leur utilité moins leur coût de charge. Nous formulons le problème de la conception du menu de prix optimal d'un CSO maximisant son profit sous la forme d'un problème de programmation linéaire en nombres entiers, et nous le comparons au résultat de la maximisation du bien-être social. Nous prenons également en compte la réponse à la demande par le CSO, c'est-à-dire la réduction de sa consommation d'énergie pendant une certaine période pour un certain prix de rémunération, en ajustant le menu de prix (en temps réel), de manière à inciter les utilisateurs de VE à choisir des taux de puissance de recharge plus bas. Nos démonstrations numériques fournissent des indications utiles sur la construction du menu de prix optimal.</p>
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