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            <title xml:lang="en">The french "low-tech" company: A case of innovative business model</title>
            <title xml:lang="fr">L'entreprise low-tech : un cas de modèle d'affaires innovant</title>
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            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIROUEN">Université de Rouen Normandie</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="en">The french "low-tech" company: A case of innovative business model</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">L'entreprise low-tech : un cas de modèle d'affaires innovant</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Innovation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Transition</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Business models for sustainability</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">French low-tech</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Low-tech</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Modèles d'affaires</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Transition</term>
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              <p>With the aim of responding to the ecological transition and the resulting economic and social transformations (Triple Bottom Line), the recent "low-tech" french movement is emerging, letting see material (products and processes), social and organizational innovations, gradually moving from the association towards entrepreneurship, and displaying a set of key principles that sometimes seem incompatible with the usual business models. What are the characteristics of the low-tech movement and approach? How do they transpose to low-tech entrepreneurship? What are the unexpected innovations implemented? How to scale up? To achieve what viability? The research aims to show the existence of a community, and to question the singularities of entrepreneurial experiences associated with low-tech principles. A cartography of the low-tech movement achieves to represent a community and its interactions. The business models of some low-tech companies are studied and replaced in the sustainable entrepreneurship’s field. The results show that the principle of ‘encapacitation’, inducing open source hardware or swarming, is the most problematic for integrating an economic system which is rather focused on ownership, individualism and confidentiality. It is actually a paradigm shift that is induced by the movement, for which we offer some potential studies.</p>
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              <p>Dans l’objectif de répondre à la transition écologique et aux transformations économiques et sociales induites (Triple Bottom Line), le mouvement « low-tech » naît et se développe en France, proposant des innovations matérielles, sociales, organisationnelles, passant progressivement du champ associatif à l’entrepreneuriat, et présentant un ensemble de principes clés paraissant parfois incompatibles avec les modèles d’affaires habituels. Quelles sont les caractéristiques du mouvement et de la démarche low-tech ? Comment se transposent-elles à l’entrepreneuriat low-tech ? Quelles sont les innovations paradoxales mises en oeuvre ? Comment passer à l’échelle ? Avec quelle viabilité ? La recherche vise à montrer l’existence d’une communauté, et à interroger les singularités d’expériences entrepreneuriales associées aux principes low-tech. Une cartographie du mouvement low-tech permet de représenter une communauté et ses interactions. Les modèles d’affaires de quelques entreprises low-tech sont étudiés et replacés dans le champ de l’entrepreneuriat soutenable. Les résultats montrent que le principe d’encapacitation, induisant open source hardware ou essaimage, est le plus problématique pour intégrer un système économique plutôt axé sur la propriété, l’individualisme et le secret. C’est en réalité un changement de paradigme qui est induit par le mouvement, pour lequel nous proposons quelques pistes possibles.</p>
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