The 3-hit animal models of schizophrenia: Improving strategy to decipher and treat the disease?
Résumé
Schizophrenia is a complex disease related to combination and interactions between genetic and environmental factors, with an epigenetic influence. After the development of the first mono-factorial animal models of schizophrenia (1-hit), that reproduced patterns of either positive, negative and/or cognitive symptoms, more complex models combining two factors (2-hit) have been developed to better fit with the multifactorial etiology of the disease. In the two past decades, a new way to design animal models of schizophrenia have emerged by adding a third hit (3-hit). This review aims to discuss the relevance of the risk factors chosen for the tuning of the 3-hit animal models, as well as the validities measurements and their contribution to schizophrenia under- standing. We intended to establish a comprehensive overview to help in the choice of factors for the design of multiple-hit animal models of schizophrenia.
Mots clés
Genome-Wide Association Studies HB
Hole-board task I
Social isolation K
Ketamine MAP6/Ma
Microtubule-associated protein 6 MAM
Methylazoxyethanol acetate MS/Ms
Maternal separation NMDAR
N-Methyl- Prepulse inhibition RELN
Reelin SCZ
Schizophrenia Se
Selective breeding
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor
CAR/C
Conditioned avoidance response
COMT
Catechol-O-methyltransferase
DISC1
Disrupted in schizophrenia 1
DSM-V
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual -Revision 5
GABA
Gamma-aminobutyric acid
GAD1
Glutamate decarboxylase 1
GAD67
Glutamate decarboxylase 67
GWAS
Genome-Wide Association Studies
HB
Hole-board task
I
Social isolation
K
Ketamine
MAP6/Ma
Microtubule-associated protein 6
MAM
Methylazoxyethanol acetate
MS/Ms
Maternal separation
NMDAR
N-Methyl- Prepulse inhibition
RELN
Reelin
SCZ
Schizophrenia
Se
Schizophrenia Animal models Multiple-hit Genetic Environment Epigenetic BDNF
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor CAR/C
Conditioned avoidance response COMT
Catechol-O-methyltransferase DISC1
Disrupted in schizophrenia 1 DSM-V
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual -Revision 5 GABA
Gamma-aminobutyric acid GAD1
Glutamate decarboxylase 1 GAD67
Glutamate decarboxylase 67 GWAS