This paper explores the causes and impacts of the 1948 Palestinian exodus and the exodus of Jews from Arab countries. This paper analyzes the causes of the Palestinian exodus in relation to events of the 1948 Palestine / Arab Israeli war, specifically focusing on the exodus of Palestinians from the towns of Lydda and Ramle. This paper explores how the persecution of Jews in Arab countries escalated after the 1948 war broke out and was connected to the war, sparking a mass exodus of Jews. The paper focuses on the persecution of Jews in Iraq during and after the 1948 war, and the mass exodus of Iraqi Jews that would later occur. Additionally, this paper will further explore controversial proposals to initiate a population exchange between Iraqi Jews and Palestinian Arab refugees.