Further Developments in the Use of Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) as Passive Air Samplers for Persistent Organic Pollutants: Field Application in a Spatial Survey of PCDD/Fs and PAHs
Résumé
Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were
deployed at 19 sites in northwest England to test
their efficacy as passive atmospheric samplers for
polychlorinated dibenzo-
p-dioxins and -furans (PCDD/Fs)
and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). SPMDs were
found to be efficient samplers for vapor phase species
in the atmosphere, with good reproducibility between
samplers. Species which are partially or completely particle
associated under ambient U.K. conditions were also
sampled by the SPMDs but with poorer reproducibility. It
is suggested that SPMDs could be used to indicate “hot-
spots” of particulate associated species, however.
Differences in absolute and relative concentrations of all
PCDD/Fs and PAHs sequestered by the SPMDs were observed
between sites. High amounts were sequestered in
SPMDs at sites where previous active monitoring has
indicated relatively high atmospheric concentrations,
confirming the potential of SPMDs as a tool for semiquan-
titative spatial monitoring of atmospheric species. SPMDs
also respond to differences in the mixture of compounds
present in the atmosphere, thereby aiding source
apportionment studies.