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              <p>Au moment où le philosophe indien Nāgārjuna fait son entrée au programme de Terminale, cet ouvrage se signale par son utilité, pour le chercheur confirmé comme pour un public humaniste mais encore novice en matières orientales, son originalité ainsi que sa puissance d’organisation. Trop longtemps, dans les manuels ou les encyclopédies, la philosophie indienne a été présentée de manière dogmatique, en énumérant des écoles, voire des sectes, qui semblaient enfermées dans leurs propres présupposés. Nos auteurs parviennent à montrer que c’est au contraire à travers un dialogue attentif aux exigences universelles de l’esprit humain, où chaque penseur essaie, pour asseoir sa position, de produire des arguments dont même l’autre, appartient-il à une tradition religieuse différente, puisse reconnaître la validité, qu’une rationalité autonome s’est développée en Inde autour de questions qui intéressent véritablement le philosophe d’Europe ou d’ailleurs. L’ouvrage est ainsi construit comme une suite ordonnée de dissertations, nourries par les penseurs indiens, où sont notamment examinés le degré de réalité et la nature de ce que nous estimons, peut-être à tort, constituer notre personne, le fameux « soi » qu’on voudrait immatériel, substantiel et éternel, voire infini sous tout rapport, et, le cas échéant, la manière dont il se manifeste à chacun de nous, puis l’existence éventuelle d’objets extérieurs en sus des modifications de la conscience qui nous les représentent, puis, plus spécialement, les opérations cognitives qui m’amènent à reconnaître la présence d’un alter ego dans le monde, la liste et la hiérarchie des moyens de connaissance valide ainsi que la cause des erreurs, l’articulation entre raison et autorité scripturaire, le rapport conventionnel ou naturel entre les mots et les choses, le statut ontologique des universaux, l’essence et les opérations de Dieu à l’égard du monde, ainsi que la possibilité de produire une preuve rationnelle de son existence…</p>
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