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            <title xml:lang="en">The spirit of wilderness at the heart of the counterculture initiated by the Beat Generation: Investigation of its foundations</title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">The spirit of wilderness at the heart of the counterculture initiated by the Beat Generation: Investigation of its foundations</title>
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              <p>Through their works, Beat Generation writers express their attachment to the wilderness and to the wild. With this concept, they go beyond a mere interest in natural environments in order to consider nature and the world in a holistic way, where everything would be connected. In this way, they recognize the part of wilderness that animates each human being and makes them unique. The initiators of the counterculture drew their inspiration from anarchist thought, especially mysticism, giving individualism a fraternal and spiritual meaning which encourages an openness to the singularities of each person through an egalitarian relationship with the other and with the world. In doing so, they feed on other cultures whose spiritual richness they recognize as coming from their ancestral experiences and their connection with nature. Beat writers thus claim the existence of the wild as the breath that fills us and makes us alive, free, sensitive, responsible and full of humanity. Their approach goes beyond a declination of themes related to the manifestations of the wild because it is also part of the modalities of their writings, which act as intermediaries between this wild nature and the reader. Jack Kerouac’s “spontaneous prose” is presented through several examples that make it possible to discern one of the central elements of this other Western culture.</p>
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              <p>À travers leurs œuvres, les écrivains de la Beat Generation énoncent leur attachement à la nature sauvage, au wild. Par ce concept, ils dépassent l’intérêt porté aux milieux naturels pour considérer la nature et le monde de manière holistique où tout serait connecté. Ainsi, reconnaissent-ils la part de nature sauvage qui anime chaque être humain et le rend unique. Les initiateurs de la contre-culture s’inspirent de la pensée anarchiste, notamment mystique, donnant à l’individualisme une signification fraternelle et spirituelle amenant à s’ouvrir aux singularités de chacun dans une relation égalitaire à l’autre et au monde. Ils se nourrissent par là même des autres cultures dont ils reconnaissent les richesses spirituelles issues de leurs expériences ancestrales et en connexion avec la nature. Les écrivains Beat revendiquent l’existence du wild comme ce souffle qui nous habite et nous rend vivants, libres, sensibles, responsables et plein d’humanité. Leur démarche dépasse la déclinaison de thèmes autour des manifestations du wild car elle s’inscrit aussi dans les modalités de leurs écritures, médiatrices de cette nature sauvage auprès du lecteur. La littérature de l’instant développée par Jack Kerouac est notamment donnée à voir à travers quelques exemples permettant d’entrevoir un des éléments centraux de cette autre culture occidentale.</p>
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