Worker safety and productivity are crucial for effective job management. Interruptions to an individual’s work environment and their impact on mental health can have adverse effects. One prospective instrument for assessing and calculating an individual’s mental state in an interrupted scenario and cognitive demand levels is the use of physiological computing devices in conjunction with behavioral and subjective measurements. This study sought to address how to gather and compute data on individuals’ cognitive states in interrupted work settings through critical analysis. Thirty-three papers were considered after the literature search and selection procedure. This descriptive study is conducted from three perspectives: parameter measurement, research design, and data analysis. The variables evaluated were working memory, stress, emotional state, performance, and resumption lag. The subject recruitment, experimental task design, and measurement techniques were examined from the standpoint of the experimental design. Data analysis included computing and cognitive pre-processing. Four future research directions are suggested to address the shortcomings of the present studies. This study offers suggestions for researchers on experiment planning and using computing to analyze individuals’ cognitive states during interrupted work scenarios. Additionally, it offers helpful recommendations for organizing and conducting future research.