Prolonged or Repeated Cold Exposure: From Basic Physiological Adjustment to Therapeutic Effects - Archive ouverte HAL
Chapitre D'ouvrage Année : 2024

Prolonged or Repeated Cold Exposure: From Basic Physiological Adjustment to Therapeutic Effects

Résumé

Prolonged or repeated cold exposure in humans causes physiological changes that occur in endocrine, circulatory, neuromuscular and immunological systems. Our body maintains core temperature during acute cold exposure through (1) vasomotor responses including cutaneous vasoconstriction to reduce heat loss to the environment and (2) thermogenesis which replaces heat lost to the environment through metabolic responses that increase heat production. Cold-induced vasoconstriction and/or thermogenesis (both shivering and non-shivering) act simultaneously with the purpose of maintaining thermal equilibrium when the body is losing heat. The application of cold for therapeutic purposes is regularly referred to as cryotherapy and is restricted to the therapeutic use of cold in the management of injuries, disorders and painful conditions. Whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) is a relatively recent physical treatment and has been used for a number of years in the context of sports and medicine to reduce effort-related pro-inflammatory responses, to relieve exercise-associated muscle soreness, damage, fatigue and inflammation, and to enhance muscle post-exercise recovery. In the physiological response to WBC, individual characteristics and inter-individual differences, such as body size, body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness level, gender, amount of subcutaneous fat and fat mass, are the primary source of variability. Repeated exposure to WBC results in changes in physiological responses or adaptations, which depend on the change in skin and core body temperature and the duration of exposure: (1) habituation in which the physiological response is attenuated compared to a non-acclimated state, (2) metabolic adjustments consisting of an increase in thermogenesis characterised by regulation of lipid, glucose and energy metabolism and (3) insulating adjustments characterised by the enhancement of body heat storage mechanisms.
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Dates et versions

hal-04536840 , version 1 (08-04-2024)

Identifiants

Citer

Jacopo Maria Fontana, Benoit Dugué, Paolo Capodaglio. Prolonged or Repeated Cold Exposure: From Basic Physiological Adjustment to Therapeutic Effects. Paolo Capodaglio. Whole-Body Cryostimulation, Springer International Publishing, pp.3-19, 2024, 978-3-031-18544-1. ⟨10.1007/978-3-031-18545-8_1⟩. ⟨hal-04536840⟩
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