This study examines the challenges of multifunctionality in mountain agriculture surrounding Feriana, a town in central-western Tunisia. Urbanization and agricultural migration are transforming the region, with lower-lying farmland being converted to urban areas and agricultural activities shifting towards the mountains. We employed a combined approach using GIS software (ArcGIS 10.2) for spatial analysis of land cover and social surveys to identify the functions of the agricultural landscape and factors impacting its change. Our results reveal that smallholdings (under 1 ha) comprise nearly 45% of the mountain farms, with activities focused on family farming, grazing, and fuelwood collection. The social survey highlights inheritance practices, land fragmentation, and conversion for urban development as key drivers of agricultural decline in lowland areas. Despite the dominance of micro-farms in the mountains, agriculture remains crucial, providing economic benefits along with social, cultural, and recreational opportunities. Residents from urban areas frequent these mountain areas for leisure activities, showcasing the multifunctionality of mountain agriculture.