With the development of the new generation of artificial intelligence (AI), Cyber-physical systems (CPSs) gradually have the ability to cognize human and social systems, breaking the boundaries of the traditional definition of cognitive systems. At a time when multi-intelligence clusters, CPSs and human societies are fused, and complex heterogeneous cognitive bodies frequently interact with each other with the help of communication networks, the integration, coupling and interoperability of cognitive systems have become the mainstream of the present era. One of the important cases is the intelligent manufacturing system. Highly automated and autonomous CPSs and humans interact with each other in cognitive synergy to accomplish manufacturing activities. In addition, the integration of heterogeneous cognitive systems exists in various aspects such as transportation, energy and healthcare.