<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-04520188</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-17T02:10:17+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Interaction of multiple steps in hybrid rocket engines: Experimental investigation</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">C.</forename>
                <surname>Glaser</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1178801</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">780985-1178801</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-1888</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1042536"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">J.</forename>
                <surname>Hijlkema</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">c9a7b1fe0a56a8f6e714612d475c679d</email>
              <email type="domain">onera.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">jouke-hijlkema</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1182158</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1060709-1182158</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-8623</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1042536"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">J.-Y.</forename>
                <surname>Lestrade</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1226732</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2723825-1226732</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0613-8137</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1042536"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">J.</forename>
                <surname>Anthoine</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">863009-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1042536"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Sarah</forename>
                <surname>Agoune</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">ce73480ea89112c5cb77c7e0c05ea55e</email>
              <email type="domain">onera.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2024-03-25 15:25:46</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2025-10-03 14:48:06</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2024-04-03 07:49:15</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2024-04</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2024-03-25</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-04520188v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2024-03-25"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="greenPublisher" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-04520188v1/file/DMPE2024-001%20Version%20acceptee.pdf" id="file-4520188-3917874">
                <date notBefore="2024-03-25"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="1408396">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Sarah</forename>
                  <surname>Agoune</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">ce73480ea89112c5cb77c7e0c05ea55e</email>
                <email type="domain">onera.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-04520188</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-04520188</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">glaser:hal-04520188</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Acta Astronautica&lt;/i&gt;, 2024, 217, pp.261-272. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.01.044"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.01.044&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Acta Astronautica, 2024, 217, pp.261-272. &amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.01.044&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-4520188-3917874"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ONERA">ONERA - Office National d'Études et de Recherches Aérospatiales</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="DMPE_ONERA" corresp="ONERA">DMPE ONERA</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Interaction of multiple steps in hybrid rocket engines: Experimental investigation</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">C.</forename>
                    <surname>Glaser</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1178801</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">780985-1178801</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-1888</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1042536"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">J.</forename>
                    <surname>Hijlkema</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">c9a7b1fe0a56a8f6e714612d475c679d</email>
                  <email type="domain">onera.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">jouke-hijlkema</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1182158</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1060709-1182158</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4062-8623</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1042536"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">J.-Y.</forename>
                    <surname>Lestrade</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1226732</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2723825-1226732</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0613-8137</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1042536"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">J.</forename>
                    <surname>Anthoine</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">863009-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1042536"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="localRef">Thématique DMPE ONERA : Ecoulements réactifs</idno>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">9550</idno>
                <idno type="issn">0094-5765</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">1879-2030</idno>
                <title level="j">Acta Astronautica</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Elsevier</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">217</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">261-272</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2024-04</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.01.044</idno>
              <ref type="publisher">https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/acta-astronautica</ref>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Genetic algorithm</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Multi-step fuel</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Regression rate enhancement</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Recirculation zone</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Hybrid rocket engine</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Algorithme génétique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Moteur de fusée hybrides</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">amélioration du taux de régression</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">zone de recirculation</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="spi">Engineering Sciences [physics]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="phys">Physics [physics]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>In this article, we investigate the interaction of multiple steps in hybrid rocket fuel grains. Previous studies have shown the potential of single steps to increase the regression rate. In this study, we evaluate if the single step results can be translated to a multi-step approach. Of special interest are the interactions between the different step configurations. Four grain profiles are assembled by using fuel grain segments with different inner diameters, therefore forming a multi-step approximation of the profiles that can easily be manufactured and scaled up. The multi-step grains enhance the regression rate because of increased mixing and convective heat transfer induced by the recirculation zones of the steps. The experimentally obtained regression rate profiles are similar to the single step experimental data. This signifies that they are reproducible and therefore predictable. Most importantly, multiple steps do not interfere negatively with each other, which proves that steps can be used to approximate different fuel grain profiles. We show experimentally that the regression rate can be increased up to 81% by accumulating the regression rate enhancing potential of single steps. Moreover, we developed a genetic algorithm to estimate the spatially resolved Marxman parameters with only one single burn.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-1042536" status="VALID">
          <orgName>DMPE, ONERA, Université de Toulouse [Mauzac]</orgName>
          <date type="start">2018-03-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>31410 Mauzac</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.onera.fr</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-300024" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-443875" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300024" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/005y2ap84</idno>
          <orgName>ONERA</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Office National d’Études et de Recherches Aéronautiques29, avenue de la Division Leclerc - BP 72 - 92322 CHATILLON CEDEX</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.onera.fr/fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-443875" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/017tgbk05</idno>
          <orgName>Communauté d'universités et établissements de Toulouse</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">Comue de Toulouse</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>41 Allée Jules Guesde, 31000 Toulouse</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.univ-toulouse.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>