Biodiversity and ecosystems are currently facing two main challenges: the biodiversity crisis (IPBES, 2019) and climate change (IPCC, 2023). Since ecosystems provide crucial services to human societies (called “ecosystem services”, such as food supply, climate regulation, aesthetic values, or nutrient cycling), more attention has been given on how to increase the resilience of (socio-)ecosystems to perturbations. After a general introduction on the current biodiversity threats, I will present the various definitions that have been proposed for the concept of “resilience” in ecology and the associated mathematical frameworks and metrics. I will then explain the notions of stability landscapes and regime shifts in ecology, and give examples of several well-documented regime shifts in marine ecology. Finally, I will finish my presentation on discussing how the resilience of ecosystem, and more broadly of socio-ecological systems, can be increased through management actions.