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                <title xml:lang="en">Challenges and Perspectives: Understanding the Labyrinth of Unemployment in Mali (1991-2022)</title>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">C32 Unemployment</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">C32</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Mali. JEL Classification : J64</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Political Stability</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Education and Employability</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Economic Growth</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Chômage Croissance économique Éducation et employabilité Stabilité politique Mali. Classification JEL : J64 O11 J24 O17 C32 Unemployment Economic Growth Education and Employability Political Stability Mali. JEL Classification : J64 O11 J24 O17 C32</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">O11</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Mali. Classification JEL : J64</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Stabilité politique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Éducation et employabilité</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Croissance économique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Chômage</term>
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              <p>In Mali, facing a major socio-economic challenge characterized by an official unemployment rate of 8% and a young population (67% under 24 years, UNICEF, 2021), this study analyzes the causes and consequences of unemployment between 1991 and 2022. Despite appreciable economic growth before 2020 (average annual growth of 5%, World Bank, 2020), the country struggles to generate significant employment, especially for the youth and women. The aim of this paper is to deeply examine the impacts of demographic, educational, and economic variables on the job market. Adopting an econometric methodology, the study utilizes analyses of stationarity, cointegration, and an error correction model (ECM). The results indicate that growth alone is insufficient to significantly reduce unemployment, highlighting the need for education aligned with market needs and political stability to stimulate employment. In conclusion, the study recommends targeted reforms to improve employability and promote inclusive economic growth, adapted to the specific realities of Mali.</p>
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              <p>Résumé Dans un Mali confronté à un défi socio-économique majeur, caractérisé par un taux de chômage officiel de 8% et une population jeune (67% de moins de 24 ans, UNICEF, 2021), cette étude analyse les causes et les conséquences du chômage entre 1991 et 2022. En dépit d'une croissance économique appréciable avant 2020 (5% en moyenne annuelle, Banque Mondiale, 2020), le pays peine à générer un emploi significatif, surtout pour les jeunes et les femmes. L'objectif de cet article est d'examiner en profondeur les impacts des variables démographiques, éducatives et économiques sur le marché du travail. Adoptant une méthodologie économétrique, l'étude utilise des analyses de stationnarité, de cointégration et un modèle de correction d'erreur (ECM). Les résultats indiquent que la croissance seule ne suffit pas à réduire le chômage de manière significative, soulignant la nécessité d'une éducation alignée sur les besoins du marché et de la stabilité politique pour stimuler l'emploi. En conclusion, l'étude recommande des réformes ciblées pour améliorer l'employabilité et favoriser une croissance économique inclusive, adaptée aux réalités spécifiques du Mali. Mots clés : Chômage ; Croissance économique ; Éducation et employabilité ; Stabilité politique ; Mali. Classification JEL : J64 ; O11 ; J24 ; O17 ; C32. Type de l’article : Article empirique Abstract In Mali, facing a major socio-economic challenge characterized by an official unemployment rate of 8% and a young population (67% under 24 years, UNICEF, 2021), this study analyzes the causes and consequences of unemployment between 1991 and 2022. Despite appreciable economic growth before 2020 (average annual growth of 5%, World Bank, 2020), the country struggles to generate significant employment, especially for the youth and women. The aim of this paper is to deeply examine the impacts of demographic, educational, and economic variables on the job market. Adopting an econometric methodology, the study utilizes analyses of stationarity, cointegration, and an error correction model (ECM). The results indicate that growth alone is insufficient to significantly reduce unemployment, highlighting the need for education aligned with market needs and political stability to stimulate employment. In conclusion, the study recommends targeted reforms to improve employability and promote inclusive economic growth, adapted to the specific realities of Mali. Keywords: Unemployment; Economic Growth; Education and Employability; Political Stability; Mali. JEL Classification : J64 ; O11 ; J24 ; O17 ; C32. Type of Article: Empirical Research</p>
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