If you think in terms of a year, plant a seed; if in terms of ten years, plant trees; in terms of 100 years, teach the people. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the seed industry, farmers and players in the food chain, by proposing a few examples of different species that may represent different business models. The first objective is therefore to compare the seed industry's investment in research and development (R&D) with the value and surface area of production. The second objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the techniques and strategies available in the plant seed sector. The third aim is to understand how the food chain operates from seeds to consumers. The ultimate aim is to propose recommendations to all players in the agri-food chain.