Early policies can close the gap to 1.5°C
Résumé
We compare five integrated assessment models that have been improved in a number of aspects to analyze the effects of early climate policies targeting production and energy supply, consumption and energy demand, and the land sector. We find that the combination of these early policies can close the gap between well-below 2°C and 1.5°C pathways using the same carbon price trajectory. While production and energy supply policies are necessary to decarbonize the energy sector in the long run, consumption and demand-side transformations can reduce emissions especially in the short-term, thus enabling lower cumulative emissions leading to lower peak temperature. Additional land policies can not only reduce CO2 emissions further, but also target non-CO2 emissions.
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