The freshwater microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, is well known as the cell factory of natural astaxanthin which composes up to 4-7 % of its total dry weight. The bioaccumulation of astaxanthin in H. pluvialis cysts seems to be a very complex process that depends on different unfavorable conditions during its cultivation. The red cysts of H. pluvialis develop a thick and rigid cell walls under unfavorable growing conditions. The biomolecules extraction typically requires application of rather complex cell disruption, extraction, and purification techniques. This short review provides the analysis of different steps in H.pluvialis's up and downstream processing including cultivation and harvesting of biomass, cell disruption, extraction, and purification techniques. The useful information on structure of H.pluvialis cell, biomolecular composition, properties, and bioactivity of astaxanthin is collected. The special emphasis is given to the recent progress in application of different electrotechnologies during the growth stages and for assistance of the recovery of different biomolecules from H.pluvialis.