Aging and neurological conditions may impact everyday mobility activities. Age-related cognitive decline may be associated with difficulties with mobility is essential to avoid social isolation and negative consequences on quality of life. Different types of interventions (cognitive training, aerobic exercise training, and educational programs) may maintain or improve cognition and mobility in older individuals or individuals with neurological conditions. Therefore, we host this special Research Topic for Frontiers in Neurology and Frontiers in Neurorehabilitation that focuses on cognition and mobility with aging and neurological conditions. The aim of this Research Topic is to share and discuss recent advances to better assess and potentially improve cognition and/or mobility in older adults or adults with neurological disorders. This Research Topic includes 15 manuscripts: 11 original research articles, two systematic reviews, one perspective paper, and one study protocol. The papers cover three main domains: (1) cognition; (2) mobility; and (3) interactions between cognition and mobility.