Transition metal-catalyzed hydroformylation reaction of olefins is one of the most important transformations in the perspective of both industrial applications and academic research. This synthetic process provides a straightforward and easy way for the transformations of inexpensive feedstock (mostly different alkene molecules) to valuable aldehyde compounds, which are considered as major building blocks for several essential chemical products. Inspired and motivated by the tremendous success of homogeneous catalysis for hydroformylation reactions, paramount interests have been raised for the design and development of active heterogeneous catalysts owning advantages from both molecular and material sciences. Crystalline metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as solid support to immobilize active catalysts for the hydroformylation reaction have shown appealing promises as heterogeneous catalysts. This review sketches out a decade of developments of MOF-based heterogeneous catalysts for the hydroformylation of olefins while discussing both advantages and limitations for their implementation beyond the lab scale.