The chapter will examine the development of the scholarly study of myth in Francophone tradition during the nineteenth century, examining its external relationship to German scholarship and the internal connections that evolved between the study of myth and (other) structured systems, especially language structures. Among scholars whose work will be considered are Numa Denis Fustel de Coulanges (The Ancient City), Michel Jules Alfred Bréal (Hercules and Cacus), Abel Henri Joseph Bergaigne (Vedic Religion), Sylvain Lévi (The Doctrine of Sacrifice in the Brahmanas), Salomon Reinach (Cults, Myths, and Religions), Auguste Bouché-Leclercq (The History of Divination in Antiquity).