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            <title xml:lang="en">Is There such a Thing as a Standard Tiger?</title>
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                <title xml:lang="en">Is There such a Thing as a Standard Tiger?</title>
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              <p>Natural kind terms are subject to debate: are they descriptive terms meant to express some characteristics of all objects belonging to their extension, or do they rather function as proper names directly referring to their species, without any intermediary description? According to the causal theory of reference (CTR), a term like « Tiger » directly names the Tiger species by pointing to a sample of individual tigers which constitute the standard for future uses of the term. I shall here confront the CTR with the practice of taxonomic names defined by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. I will show that, despite what several recent counter-examples were meant to show, the forecasts made by the CTR are verified by scientific species and sub-species names.</p>
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              <p>Les termes d’espèce naturelle font débat : s’agit-il de termes descriptifs qui exprimeraient des caractéristiques des objets tombant dans leur extension, ou fonctionnent-ils plutôt comme des noms qui désigneraient directement leur espèce, sans l’intermédiaire d’une description ? Selon la théorie causale de la référence (TCR), un terme comme « Tigre » nomme directement l’espèce du Tigre grâce à l’ostension d’un échantillon de tigres individuels qui constitue l’étalon de référence pour les usages ultérieurs du terme. Je me propose ici de confronter la TCR à la pratique des noms de taxons telle qu’elle est réglée par le Code International de Nomenclature Zoologique . Je tâcherai de montrer qu’en dépit de contre-exemples avancés récemment, les prédictions de la TCR sont vérifiées par les noms scientifiques d’espèces et de sous-espèces.</p>
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