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            <title xml:lang="fr">Effet du biochar sur la biodisponibilité du phosphore dans un sol limoneux acide</title>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement / Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment&lt;/i&gt;, 2017, pp.209-217. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.13539"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.25518/1780-4507.13539&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="fr">Effet du biochar sur la biodisponibilité du phosphore dans un sol limoneux acide</title>
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                    <surname>Hardy</surname>
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                  <persName>
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                    <surname>Faucon</surname>
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                    <surname>Cornelis</surname>
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                <title level="j">Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement / Biotechnology, Agronomy, Society and Environment</title>
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                  <publisher>Presses Agronomiques de Gembloux</publisher>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">bioavailability</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">carbon sequestration</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">soil fertility</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Phosphorus</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Phosphorus soil fertility bioavailability carbon sequestration</term>
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              <p>Effect of biochar on phosphorus bioavailability in an acidic silt loam soil Description of the subject. This paper deals with the impact of biochar on soil phosphorus (P) bioavailability with a view to improving the management of P fertilization. Objectives. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of biochar to increase P bioavailability in soil. The specific objectives were to elucidate the role of feedstock and the rate of application of biochar on P solubility. Method. Three biochars produced from different feedstocks (Miscanthus straws, coffee husks and woody material) were added to an acidic Luvisol at two rates of application (1% and 3%; w/w). At the end of a 76-day incubation period, P bioavailability was assessed (0.01 M CaCl2 extraction). Soil physico-chemical properties and the amount of CO2 emitted over the incubation period were also determined. Results. The wood-derived biochar applied at 3% was the only treatment that increased significantly P bioavailability (+ 75%). This increase might result from the release of P by biochar itself (direct effect) but also from an enhanced P solubility in soil (indirect effect) related to a large increase in pH (+3.6 units compared to the control) and a higher soil biological activity. The other treatments had no significant impact on soil P bioavailability, probably as a result of their minor effect on soil pH. Conclusions. Our study shows that biochar-induced changes in P bioavailability in soil varied greatly with type of feedstock and rate of application. However, the balance between the direct and indirect effects of biochar on P bioavailability was not elucidated. Further investigations are thus essential to clarify the potential of biochar to improve P bioavailability in the soil-plant system.</p>
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              <p>Description du sujet. Cet article traite de l’impact du biochar sur la biodisponibilité en phosphore (P) dans les sols en vue d’améliorer la gestion et l’autonomie de la fertilisation en P des cultures. Objectifs. L’objectif général était d’explorer le potentiel du biochar à augmenter la biodisponibilité du P dans le sol. Les objectifs spécifiques étaient de préciser l’influence de la biomasse pyrolysée ainsi que la dose de biochar appliquée sur la solubilité du P. Méthode. Trois biochars produits à partir de biomasses différentes (résidus de Miscanthus, de bois et de café) ont été incorporés dans un Luvisol (pH acide) selon deux doses (1 et 3 % en masse). Après 76 jours d’incubation, la biodisponibilité du P a été estimée (extraction au CaCl2 0,01 M). Les propriétés physico-chimiques du sol et la quantité de CO2 émise durant la période d’incubation ont également été déterminées. Résultats. Seul le biochar produit à partir de résidus de bois et incorporé à une dose de 3 % a augmenté la concentration en P biodisponible dans le sol (+ 75 %). Cette augmentation résulterait non seulement d’une libération de P par le biochar lui-même (effet direct), mais également d’une remobilisation du P du sol (effet indirect) faisant suite à l’élévation drastique du pH (+ 3,6 unités) ainsi qu’à l’augmentation de l’activité biologique. Pour les autres traitements, l’absence d’effet significatif sur la biodisponibilité du P résulte vraisemblablement de leur faible impact sur le pH du sol, celui-ci restant dans une gamme (4,3 – 5,1) favorisant l’insolubilisation du P. Conclusions. Étant donné la variabilité des résultats et les incertitudes concernant les mécanismes responsables de la mobilisation du P en présence de biochar, il est essentiel de conduire des études complémentaires afin de mieux comprendre l’impact du biochar sur la mobilité du P dans les systèmes sol-plante.</p>
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