In the quest for carbon neutrality, the cement industry employs various CO 2 mitigation strategies, including material efficiency, cement plant technologies, and clinker-to-cement ratio reductions. This study reviews the past decade's Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) literature on cement production to assess the feasibility of modeling these strategies. Heating energy is the predominant factor in energy consumption, benefiting from energy efficiency measures. Allocation consistently favors cement in evaluations of secondary fuel-related impacts, leading to significant reductions in energy consumption and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions. However, transparency improvements are necessary to clarify the origin and calculation of combustion-related emissions. Challenges arise from limited data availability when assessing grinding energy, especially for high-quality cement aligned with a material efficiency strategy. In our examination of Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) as Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs), we have observed that production process variations and allocation assumptions significantly influence LCA models, while highlighting the absence of waste availability consideration in current substitution-focused LCA methods for both secondary fuels and SCMs.