The Pays de la Loire region is marked by an important military heritage, mainly a heirloom from the Second World War, with Atlantic Wall works polarizing attention for a long time. The identification of remains in the domain of archaeological heritage was fraught with difficulties, however, and they were taken into account by archaeology on as from the 2000s only, in the framework of opportunistic approaches. Various operations carried out as from 2014 nevertheless testify to the emergence of an archaeology of conflicts at the regional level. This research thus permitted establishing a policy of legal statutes specific to the period, by tackling large themes and going beyond the sole frame of the Second World War. The archaeology of conflicts is also part and parcel of the construction of collective memory, in order to gain a glimpse free from passions on this heritage that is both rich and complex.