<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-04315508</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-23T04:24:31+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">On the improvement of the sensitivity levels of VLBI solutions from a combination with GNSS</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Pakize</forename>
                <surname>Küreç Nehbit</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2974785-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-461224"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Susanne</forename>
                <surname>Glaser</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">760388</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2694866-760388</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6048-7437</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-239972"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Pierre</forename>
                <surname>Sakic</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">43a959245d28633dbce3ea1a00106288</email>
              <email type="domain">ipgp.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">psakic</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">182605</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">33324-182605</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1770-0532</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/221012192</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-239972"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1005035"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Kyriakos</forename>
                <surname>Balidakis</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">797074</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2974786-797074</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1300</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-239972"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Robert</forename>
                <surname>Heinkelmann</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">801805-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-239972"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Harald</forename>
                <surname>Schuh</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">759604</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">494113-759604</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-0370</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/170714586</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-239972"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-86624"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Haluk</forename>
                <surname>Konak</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2974787-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-461224"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Pierre</forename>
                <surname>Sakic</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">43a959245d28633dbce3ea1a00106288</email>
              <email type="domain">ipgp.fr</email>
            </editor>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2023-11-30 11:50:06</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-04-30 10:54:48</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2023-12-04 08:57:10</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2023-10</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2023-11-30</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-04315508v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2023-11-30"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-04315508v1/file/Nehbit2023_VLBI_GNSS_sensitivity_levels.pdf" id="file-4315508-3763143">
                <date notBefore="2023-11-30"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="75461">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Pierre</forename>
                  <surname>Sakic</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">43a959245d28633dbce3ea1a00106288</email>
                <email type="domain">ipgp.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-04315508</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-04315508</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">kurecnehbit:hal-04315508</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Advances in Space Research&lt;/i&gt;, 2023, 72 (8), pp.3037-3047. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2023.06.021"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.asr.2023.06.021&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">Advances in Space Research, 2023, 72 (8), pp.3037-3047. &amp;#x27E8;10.1016/j.asr.2023.06.021&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 - Attribution - Non-commercial use - ShareAlike<ref corresp="#file-4315508-3763143"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSU">INSU - Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="AFRIQ">HAL-Francophonie, Afrique et océan indien</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IPGP" corresp="INSU">Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PARIS">Université Paris Cité</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIVERSITE-PARIS" corresp="UNIV-PARIS">Université Paris Cité</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IGN-ENSG">Institut national de l’information géographique et forestière - Ecole nationale des sciences géographiques</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IGN">Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">On the improvement of the sensitivity levels of VLBI solutions from a combination with GNSS</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Pakize</forename>
                    <surname>Küreç Nehbit</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2974785-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-461224"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Susanne</forename>
                    <surname>Glaser</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">760388</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2694866-760388</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6048-7437</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-239972"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Pierre</forename>
                    <surname>Sakic</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">43a959245d28633dbce3ea1a00106288</email>
                  <email type="domain">ipgp.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">psakic</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">182605</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">33324-182605</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1770-0532</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/221012192</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-239972"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1005035"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Kyriakos</forename>
                    <surname>Balidakis</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">797074</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2974786-797074</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3370-1300</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-239972"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Robert</forename>
                    <surname>Heinkelmann</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">801805-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-239972"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Harald</forename>
                    <surname>Schuh</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">759604</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">494113-759604</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-0370</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/170714586</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-239972"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-86624"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Haluk</forename>
                    <surname>Konak</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2974787-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-461224"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">10237</idno>
                <idno type="issn">0273-1177</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">1879-1948</idno>
                <title level="j">Advances in Space Research</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>Elsevier</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">72</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">8</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">3037-3047</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2023-10</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1016/j.asr.2023.06.021</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Sensitivity</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Inter-technique combination</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">GNSS</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">VLBI</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">VLBI GNSS Inter-technique combination Sensitivity</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="phys.phys.phys-geo-ph">Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdu.astr.ep">Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) is the only technique that connects the celestial and the terrestrial reference frames. Because of its essential role, it is important to investigate the quality of VLBI observations and their effect on the estimated parameters. The fundamental goal of the quality assessment using the sensitivity is to find out to what level VLBI can detect station displacements in the adjusted coordinates. However, the global VLBI station network is worse in terms of the number and global distribution of stations when compared to the GNSS station network. In this study, we aim to improve the capacity of VLBI to detect station displacements through an inter-technique combination with GNSS. The effect of the selection of co-location sites in the inter-technique combination is investigated with four scenarios and we investigate how the sensitivity is affected by the assumed standard deviations of the local ties. The lower the standard deviations of the local ties, the higher the obtained sensitivity level. When larger standard deviations are assumed, the sensitivity levels of the VLBI stations are obtained up to 3 mm. When a smaller deviation is assumed for a local tie having various standard deviations obtained from different local tie observations, the sensitivity levels change too. If local ties with standard deviations of 1 cm and more are excluded, the detection capacities of the VLBI stations based on the gross errors improve by around 1 mm. When smaller standard deviations are assumed among the local ties, which are used in the inter-technique combination, the sensitivity levels drop below 2 mm. Hence, this study quantifies how important the selection of the co-location sites and the standard deviations of the local ties are for the accuracy of geodetic products obtained by inter-technique combination.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-461224" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/0411seq30</idno>
          <orgName>Kocaeli University [Turkey]</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Kocaeli ÜniversitesiUmuttepe Yerleşkesi41380, İzmit/KOCAELİ</addrLine>
              <country key="TR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.kocaeli.edu.tr/int/index.php</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-239972" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04z8jg394</idno>
          <orgName>German Research Centre for Geosciences - Helmholtz-Centre Potsdam</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">GFZ</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Telegrafenberg, 14473 Potsdam</addrLine>
              <country key="DE"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.gfz.de/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-1005035" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">221260919</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200512539M</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">004gzqz66</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IPGP - UMR_7154</orgName>
          <date type="start">2020-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris cedex 05 et Bât. Lamarck A case postale 7011, 75205 Paris CEDEX 13</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ipgp.jussieu.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR_7154" active="#struct-300045" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300101" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR_7154" active="#struct-300316" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR_7154" active="#struct-300354" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR7154" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR_7154" active="#struct-557826" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-86624" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03v4gjf40</idno>
          <orgName>Technical University of Berlin / Technische Universität Berlin</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">TUB</orgName>
          <date type="start">1946-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin</addrLine>
              <country key="DE"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.tu.berlin/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300045" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">029349265</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2154 1736</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/04kdfz702</idno>
          <idno type="Wikidata">Q3152437</idno>
          <orgName>Institut national des sciences de l'Univers</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSU - CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2007-04-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>INSU-CNRS3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.insu.cnrs.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300101" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">160332346</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05jxfge78</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National de l'Information Géographique et Forestière [IGN]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IGN</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>73 avenue de Paris, 94165 SAINT-MANDÉ CEDEX</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.ign.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300316" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026404451</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000121112608</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/005ypkf75</idno>
          <orgName>Université de La Réunion</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UR</orgName>
          <date type="start">1982-10-15</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>15, avenue René Cassin - CS92003 -97744 Saint Denis Cedex 9</addrLine>
              <country key="RE"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-reunion.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300354" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026569477</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000106758101</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/004gzqz66</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IPG Paris</orgName>
          <date type="start">1921-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>1 rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ipgp.fr/fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-557826" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">236453505</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0004 7885 7602</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05f82e368</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris Cité</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UPCité</orgName>
          <date type="start">2020-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>85 boulevard Saint-Germain75006 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://u-paris.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>