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              <p>The high consumption of fossil fuels is running out the petroleum sources, therefore it is extremely important to improve the efficiency or diversify the industry’s main route. To deal with these new processes, the liquid-solid fluidized bed is one of the available technologies. Mastering this complex industrial device requires a better understanding of the intrinsic multi-scale hydrodynamics couplings that play an important role between solid and liquid phases. For that reason, the numerical simulation of multi-phase flow has become a useful tool for examining the particle behavior in fluidized beds. The fluidized bed simulation may be addressed using the Discrete Element Method (DEM-CFD) approach, which is a model that requires a lot of computational effort, because of the large scale of the equipment and the huge number of particles. Hence, for industrial purpose, this approach becomes infeasible, and simulations are carried out in the frame of Euler-Euler model such as implemented in the NEPTUNE CFD code. But such approach was originally developed for gas-solid flows, then a specific model developments and validation studies are needed for liquid-solid fluidized bed (Gevrin et al., 2008). This is one of the main objectives of the MUSCATS project (N°ANR-19-CE05-0010-02), which is carrying out an innovative multi-scale modelling program for liquid-solid fluidized beds, based on complementary numerical approaches and carefully designed experiments. In a first stage, 3D numerical simulations were performed using the NEPTUNE CFD code on a laboratory configuration in order to assess the model assumption and to compare the mean and fluctuating fluid and particle velocity predictions with available experiment data from Aguilar-Corona (2008). Thus, some discrepancies on fluid and particle kinetic fluctuating energy and areas of improvement are identified and proposed in order to capture accurately the particle–fluid and inter-particle interactions in the liquid-solid fluidized bed.</p>
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