The Distribution and Biogenic Origins of Zinc in the Mineralised Tooth Tissues of Modern and Fossil Hominoids: Implications for Life History, Diet and Taphonomy
Résumé
Teeth begin to grow in the jaws before birth and continue to appear in an overlapping sequence until each is complete in length. Subsequently, the central pulp (nerve) chamber of each tooth slowly fills in with dentine and the root of the tooth continues to accumulate thin layers of cementum until the individual dies. Each of the tooth tissues, the hard enamel cap, the dentine core of the tooth and the root cementum grow incrementally and incorporate small quantities of blood-born trace elements ingested from our diet into their structure. A chronological record of zinc incorporation exists in each tooth tissue and can be visualised in thin sections, or slices, of teeth using a beam of synchrotron light. Zinc markings in teeth are especially useful and occur at birth in enamel and dentine and annually in the cementum layers. This work shows that zinc is consistently concentrated within surface enamel and in the dentine surrounding the central pulp chamber. Knowing where to sample Zn in modern and fossil teeth enables us to reconstruct a chronology of growth and to determine something about diet in the past from the remnants of different Zn isotopes contained in different foodstuffs.
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