Marine and freshwater resources have constituted an important part of the human diet in many periods and many regions over the world. They have also served as bait, ornaments, tools, containers, fill, temper, building material, or have been treated to extract colour, skin, sea-silk, or produce glue, medicinal substances or fertilizers. In order to understand the role and importance of marine resources in human societies in the past, it is paramount to properly retrieve their remains from archaeological sites. Retrieval and sampling are among the most important steps in the study of faunal remains and determine the quality of the results (Chaix and Méniel 2001, 14). Although aquatic faunal remains are generally considered part of the faunal material found in an archaeological site and globally share some of the general rules applied to any other faunal remains, their specific nature calls for specific sampling strategies that will be presented in this chapter.