<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-04282559</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-13T22:35:14+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and living conditions in Bamako (Mali): a cross-sectional multistage household survey after the first epidemic wave, 2020</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Mady</forename>
                <surname>Cissoko</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2112632-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-541536"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-302584"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Jordi</forename>
                <surname>Landier</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">56c6dbab1096d3c1d0d63b22faeb833a</email>
              <email type="domain">ird.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="string">jordilandier</idno>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">21070</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">14992-21070</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8619-9775</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/183054644</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-541536"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Bourema</forename>
                <surname>Kouriba</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">953922-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1180030"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Abdoul Karim</forename>
                <surname>Sangare</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1022587-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1180030"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Abdoulaye</forename>
                <surname>Katilé</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2775512-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-541536"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-302584"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Abdoulaye A</forename>
                <surname>Djimde</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">a71909b86d1d23a116ad96475ab5ea62</email>
              <email type="domain">icermali.org</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">802981</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2951217-802981</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-2283</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/253548381</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-302584"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Ibrahima</forename>
                <surname>Berthé</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2352521-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-302584"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1180031"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Siriman</forename>
                <surname>Traore</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2765868-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-302584"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Ismaila</forename>
                <surname>Thera</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1589360-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-302584"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Maiga</forename>
                <surname>Hadiata</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2951218-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1180030"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Elisabeth</forename>
                <surname>Sogodogo</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1365692-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1180030"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Karyn</forename>
                <surname>Coulibaly</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2951219-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1180030"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Abdoulaye</forename>
                <surname>Guindo</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1597355-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1180031"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Ousmane</forename>
                <surname>Dembele</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2951220-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1180031"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Souleymane</forename>
                <surname>Sanogo</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">586f97558acbb91f471b1bf42a0c07a6</email>
              <email type="domain">cirdes.org</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1355081</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1766762-1355081</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-2758</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1059361"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Zoumana</forename>
                <surname>Doumbia</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2112634-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1059361"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Charles</forename>
                <surname>Dara</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2951221-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1059361"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Mathias</forename>
                <surname>Altmann</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">148978b5239e280950716374717a873c</email>
              <email type="domain">u-bordeaux.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1405548</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1479574-1405548</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/112014089</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-476572"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1162866"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Emmanuel</forename>
                <surname>Bonnet</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">23540-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-176291"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Hubert</forename>
                <surname>Balique</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1144102-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1180031"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Luis</forename>
                <surname>Sagaon-Teyssier</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">18733-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-541536"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1067340"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Laurent</forename>
                <surname>Vidal</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">34728-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-541536"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Issaka</forename>
                <surname>Sagara</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">185530-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-302584"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Marc-Karim</forename>
                <surname>Bendiane</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">1117022-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-541536"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Jean</forename>
                <surname>Gaudart</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">2756-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-541536"/>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-432718"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Oskar</forename>
                <surname>Admin</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">d49c5a880544a575d14059bbcdef4ae8</email>
              <email type="domain">oskar-bordeaux.fr</email>
            </editor>
            <funder>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</funder>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2023-11-13 15:00:09</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-04-22 16:10:21</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2023-11-15 08:36:23</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2023-04-20</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2023-11-13</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-04282559v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2023-11-13"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="greenPublisher" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-04282559v1/file/BPH_BMJOpen_2023_Cissoko.pdf" id="file-4282559-3736659">
                <date notBefore="2023-11-13"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="externalLink" target="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10123860"/>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="851509">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Oskar</forename>
                  <surname>Admin</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">d49c5a880544a575d14059bbcdef4ae8</email>
                <email type="domain">oskar-bordeaux.fr</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-04282559</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-04282559</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">cissoko:hal-04282559</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;BMJ Open&lt;/i&gt;, 2023, 13 (4), pp.e067124. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067124"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067124&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">BMJ Open, 2023, 13 (4), pp.e067124. &amp;#x27E8;10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067124&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0 - Attribution<ref corresp="#file-4282559-3736659"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="INSERM">INSERM - Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="IRD">IRD - Institut de recherche pour le développement</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-AMU">Aix Marseille Université</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SANTE_PUB_INSERM" corresp="INSERM">Santé Publique à l'Inserm</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="U1252" corresp="INSERM">Sciences économique et sociales de la santé et traitement de l'information médicale - SESSTIM</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="U1219" corresp="INSERM">Bordeaux Population Health</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="MEMO-SHS">Méditerranée en tensions, Monde en recomposition</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIVERSITE-BORDEAUX">Université de Bordeaux</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and living conditions in Bamako (Mali): a cross-sectional multistage household survey after the first epidemic wave, 2020</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Mady</forename>
                    <surname>Cissoko</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2112632-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-541536"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-302584"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Jordi</forename>
                    <surname>Landier</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">56c6dbab1096d3c1d0d63b22faeb833a</email>
                  <email type="domain">ird.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="string">jordilandier</idno>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">21070</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">14992-21070</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8619-9775</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/183054644</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-541536"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Bourema</forename>
                    <surname>Kouriba</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">953922-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1180030"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Abdoul Karim</forename>
                    <surname>Sangare</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1022587-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1180030"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Abdoulaye</forename>
                    <surname>Katilé</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2775512-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-541536"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-302584"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Abdoulaye A</forename>
                    <surname>Djimde</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">a71909b86d1d23a116ad96475ab5ea62</email>
                  <email type="domain">icermali.org</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">802981</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2951217-802981</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-2283</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/253548381</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-302584"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Ibrahima</forename>
                    <surname>Berthé</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2352521-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-302584"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1180031"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Siriman</forename>
                    <surname>Traore</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2765868-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-302584"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Ismaila</forename>
                    <surname>Thera</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1589360-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-302584"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Maiga</forename>
                    <surname>Hadiata</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2951218-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1180030"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Elisabeth</forename>
                    <surname>Sogodogo</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1365692-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1180030"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Karyn</forename>
                    <surname>Coulibaly</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2951219-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1180030"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Abdoulaye</forename>
                    <surname>Guindo</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1597355-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1180031"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Ousmane</forename>
                    <surname>Dembele</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2951220-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1180031"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Souleymane</forename>
                    <surname>Sanogo</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">586f97558acbb91f471b1bf42a0c07a6</email>
                  <email type="domain">cirdes.org</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1355081</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1766762-1355081</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-2758</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1059361"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Zoumana</forename>
                    <surname>Doumbia</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2112634-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1059361"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Charles</forename>
                    <surname>Dara</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2951221-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1059361"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Mathias</forename>
                    <surname>Altmann</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">148978b5239e280950716374717a873c</email>
                  <email type="domain">u-bordeaux.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1405548</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1479574-1405548</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/112014089</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-476572"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1162866"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Emmanuel</forename>
                    <surname>Bonnet</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">23540-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-176291"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Hubert</forename>
                    <surname>Balique</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1144102-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1180031"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Luis</forename>
                    <surname>Sagaon-Teyssier</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">18733-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-541536"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1067340"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Laurent</forename>
                    <surname>Vidal</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">34728-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-541536"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Issaka</forename>
                    <surname>Sagara</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">185530-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-302584"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Marc-Karim</forename>
                    <surname>Bendiane</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">1117022-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-541536"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Jean</forename>
                    <surname>Gaudart</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">2756-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-541536"/>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-432718"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">87743</idno>
                <idno type="eissn">2044-6055</idno>
                <title level="j">BMJ Open</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>BMJ Publishing Group</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">13</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">e067124</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2023-04-20</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067124</idno>
              <idno type="pubmed">37080622</idno>
              <idno type="pubmedcentral">PMC10123860</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Antibodies</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Viral</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Communicable Disease Control</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Social Conditions</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Mali</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Cross-Sectional Studies</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Seroepidemiologic Studies</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">COVID-19</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">SARS-CoV-2</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Humans</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sdv.spee">Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>In low-income settings with limited access to diagnosis, COVID-19 information is scarce. In September 2020, after the first COVID-19 wave, Mali reported 3086 confirmed cases and 130 deaths. Most reports originated from Bamako, with 1532 cases and 81 deaths (2.42 million inhabitants). This observed prevalence of 0.06% appeared very low. Our objective was to estimate SARS-CoV-2 infection among inhabitants of Bamako, after the first epidemic wave. We assessed demographic, social and living conditions, health behaviours and knowledges associated with SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity. We conducted a cross-sectional multistage household survey during September 2020, in three neighbourhoods of the commune VI (Bamako), where 30% of the cases were reported. We recruited 1526 inhabitants in 3 areas, that is, 306 households, and 1327 serological results (≥1 years), 220 household questionnaires and collected answers for 962 participants (≥12 years). We measured serological status, detecting SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibodies in blood sampled. We documented housing conditions and individual health behaviours through questionnaires among participants. We estimated the number of SARS-CoV-2 infections and deaths in the population of Bamako using the age and sex distributions. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was 16.4% (95% CI 15.1% to 19.1%) after adjusting on the population structure. This suggested that ~400 000 cases and ~2000 deaths could have occurred of which only 0.4% of cases and 5% of deaths were officially reported. Questionnaires analyses suggested strong agreement with washing hands but lower acceptability of movement restrictions (lockdown/curfew), and mask wearing. The first wave of SARS-CoV-2 spread broadly in Bamako. Expected fatalities remained limited largely due to the population age structure and the low prevalence of comorbidities. Improving diagnostic capacities to encourage testing and preventive behaviours, and avoiding the spread of false information remain key pillars, regardless of the developed or developing setting. This study was registered in the registry of the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine and Odonto-Stomatology and the Faculty of Pharmacy, Bamako, Mali, under the number: 2020/162/CA/FMOS/FAPH.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-541536" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">13143697X</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">200817366W</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/0508wny29</idno>
          <orgName>Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé &amp; Traitement de l'Information Médicale</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Faculté de Médecine - Site Timone - 27 Bd Jean Moulin 13385 Marseille Cedex 05.</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://sesstim.univ-amu.fr/page/sesstim</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="UMR 259" active="#struct-67872" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-198056" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="U1252" active="#struct-303623" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-302584" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/023rbaw78</idno>
          <orgName>Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">USTTB</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Bamako</addrLine>
              <country key="ML"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.usttb.edu.ml/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-1180030" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Centre d'Infectiologie Clinique Charles Mérieux [Bamako, Mali]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CIC2M</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="ML"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-1180031" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Ministère de la Santé et du Développement Social [Bamako, Mali]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">MSDS</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="ML"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-1059361" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>Direction Régionale de la Santé de Tombouctou [Tombouctou, Mali]</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="MA"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-476572" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">197398162</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">201622170H</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/00xzzba89</idno>
          <orgName>Bordeaux population health</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">BPH</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Université de Bordeaux - Case 11 - 146 rue Léo Saignat  33076 Bordeaux cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-259761" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-302259" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="U1219" active="#struct-303623" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="researchteam" xml:id="struct-1162866" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Global Health in the Global South</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">GHiGS</orgName>
          <date type="start">2023-05-22</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Centre de recherche INSERM U1219 - 146 rue Léo-Saignat - 33076 BORDEAUX cedex 200</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.bordeaux-population-health.center/fr/les-equipes/ghigs/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation name="EMR 271" active="#struct-67872" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-476572" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-259761" type="indirect"/>
            <relation active="#struct-302259" type="indirect"/>
            <relation name="U1219" active="#struct-303623" type="indirect"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-176291" status="OLD">
          <orgName>Unité mixte internationale Résiliences</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UMI RESILIENCES</orgName>
          <date type="end">2021-12-31</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>IRD France-Nord 32 avenue Varagnat 93143 Bondy Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-67872" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-302044" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-302130" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-1067340" status="INCOMING">
          <orgName>ARCAD Santé PLUS [Bamako, Mali]</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="ML"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-432718" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Biostatistique et technologies de l'information et de la communication (BioSTIC) - [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">BiosTIC</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Hôpital de la Timone – Bât G – 1er étage</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://fr.ap-hm.fr/service/biostatistique-et-technologies-de-l-information-et-de-la-communication-biostic-hopital-timone</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-300073" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-300093" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-67872" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">050165224</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05q3vnk25</idno>
          <orgName>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">IRD</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>SiègeLe Sextant 44, bd de DunkerqueCS 9000913572 Marseille cedex 02</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.ird.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-198056" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">15863621X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 2176 4817</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/035xkbk20</idno>
          <orgName>Aix Marseille Université</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">AMU</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Aix-Marseille UniversitéJardins du Pharo58 Boulevard Charles Livon13284 Marseille cedex 7</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.univ-amu.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-303623" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">026388278</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02vjkv261</idno>
          <orgName>Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">INSERM</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>101, rue de Tolbiac, 75013 Paris</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.inserm.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-259761" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">175206562</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/057qpr032</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Bordeaux</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">UB</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>35, place Pey Berland - 33076 Bordeaux</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.u-bordeaux.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-302259" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-302044" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Centre ivoirien de recherches économiques et sociales (CIRES)</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-302130" status="OLD">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03haqmz43</idno>
          <orgName>Université de Cocody</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Abidjan</addrLine>
              <country key="CI"/>
            </address>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-300073" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/002cp4060</idno>
          <orgName>Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">APHM</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Direction générale AP-HM80, rue Brochier13 354 Marseille Cedex 5</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://fr.ap-hm.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300093" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ISNI">0000 0001 0404 1115 </idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/05jrr4320</idno>
          <orgName>Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">TIMONE</orgName>
          <date type="start">1974-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://fr.ap-hm.fr/nos-hopitaux/hopital-de-la-timone</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>