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              <p>Soil microorganisms play a central role in biological soil functioning. One of the beneficial microbiota that have a symbioticassociation with most of the plants is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Nevertheless, the influence of soil bioindicators in plantsresponse to mycorrhizal colonization is still poorly documented. The impact of cover crops, widely used in conservation agricultureor organic farming on native mycorrhizal fungi, is little known. In order to find whether native AM fungal community associatedwith walnut trees is influenced by soil bioindicators, root, rhizosphere soil samples and technical itineraries were collected from theagroforestry plots in Dordogne and the experimental station of Creysse (South-western France). Five modalities (Walnut inConventional with and without vegetal cover, Walnut in Organic farming with and without vegetal cover, Walnut and maize inAgroforestry) and soil physico-chemical and biological analyses were studied. Our results showed a higher mycorrhizal colonizationin walnut trees in organic farming in comparison with those in conventional farming. Whatever the modality, the highest percentageof total AMF colonization was recorded for walnut trees in the presence of faba bean. Multivariate analysis based on principalcomponent analysis revealed that only the ergosterol content was mainly correlated to mycorrhizal colonization and hence relevantto explain walnut trees mycorrhization. The use of faba bean showed the great role played by vegetation cover in the enhancement of63mycorrhizal colonization of plants. Identification of the functional traits of mycorrhizal fungi sensitive to walnut trees is required toinform decisions in specific agricultural practices</p>
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