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                  <title>24e Colloque du GMPCA</title>
                  <date type="start">2023-04-17</date>
                  <date type="end">2023-04-21</date>
                  <settlement>Nice</settlement>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">Chantier scientifique de Notre-Dame de Paris</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Alliages ferreux</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Fer de construction</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Provenance</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Chronologie</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Datation radiocarbone</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Reclyclage</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Pratiques artisanales</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Notre-Dame de Paris</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Archéométrie</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Archéométallugie</term>
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              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="shs.archeo">Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory</classCode>
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              <p>Suite à l’incendie de Notre-Dame de Paris, la mise en place d’échafaudages pour la restauration offre un accès unique à des endroits de la cathédrale qui étaient inaccessibles jusqu’à présent. Ceci a permis de révéler une grande diversité d’usages du mobilier ferreux dans la structure de l’édifice. Un relevé systématique est en cours dans le cadre des travaux de thèse sur les métaux ferreux du monument. Le caractère quasi exhaustif d’un tel inventaire est une première pour l’édifice, dont un des principaux et seuls relevés des armatures en fer remonte aux travaux de Viollet-le-Duc (Viollet-le-Duc, 1858). Mais c’est également un nouveau regard porté sur une cathédrale gothique, car jusqu’`a présent, aucun édifice n’a pu faire l’objet d’un suivi si fin au cours de ses restaurations.Parmi les différents éléments de ce corpus se trouvent des agrafes de fer dans la maçonnerie au niveau des tribunes, des murs gouttereaux, des murs sous les terrasses extérieures ou encore dans des colonnes monolithiques adossées aux bas-côtés de la nef et des chapelles. S’ajoutent à cet inventaire des fers de charpente tels que des clous, des tiges boulonnées et des chevilles clavetées, mais également des crêtes de faîtage, des goujons, ou encore des tirants. Ce poster insistera en particulier sur l’étude des anciennes barres de vitraux des baies hautes de la cathédrale, aujourd’hui supprimées, mais dont subsistent quelques vestiges dans le meneau central des fenêtres. Ces barres transversales, mesurant à l’origine plusieurs mètres de long et d’une section d’environ 3,5 x 4 cm, sont des objets ferreux n’ayant jamais été étudiés auparavant dans un tel édifice car ils sont, le plus souvent, rarement accessibles. Treize échantillons ont été prélevés sur site pour analyses, ainsi que trois éléments entiers sur des pièces destinées à être remplacés. Les premières études métallographiques (attaque Nital, observations macroscopiques et microscopiques) permettent de nous éclairer, en particulier, sur la mise en forme de ce mobilier ferreux, mais aussi sur la qualité de la production métallique. L’étude des inclusions de scories au Microscope Electronique à Balayage en Spectrométrie EDS (Dillmann and L’Héritier, 2007) et l’analyse des éléments traces par LA-ICP-MS (L’Héritier et al., 2020) permettent de préciser les filières techniques et les pratiques opératoires utilisées pour la production du fer et dans la mise en œuvre des barres de vitraux. On peut notamment se questionner sur les méthodes de procédés direct et indirect, mais aussi sur la problématique du recyclage, omniprésente sur les chantiers de construction.En parallèle, l’analyse en éléments traces de scories provenant de différents sites métallurgiques issus de plusieurs secteurs d’Île-de-France (Brie française, sud de la forêt de Rambouillet/Hurepoix, est de la vallée de Chevreuse) jusqu’alors non étudiés chimiquement, nous permet de constituer un inventaire inédit des signatures chimiques de la région de sites susceptibles d’avoir approvisionné Notre-Dame. La comparaison avec la composition des inclusions des armatures métalliques mesurée par LA-ICP-MS contribuera à tester et discuter ces hypothèses de provenance.</p>
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