<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:hal="http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/" xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/" xmlns:gmlce="http://www.opengis.net/gml/3.3/ce" version="1.1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0 http://api.archives-ouvertes.fr/documents/aofr-sword.xsd">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title>HAL TEI export of hal-04261290</title>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
        <availability status="restricted">
          <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">CC0 1.0 - Universal</licence>
        </availability>
        <date when="2026-05-18T18:44:47+02:00"/>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p part="N">HAL API Platform</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <listBibl>
        <biblFull>
          <titleStmt>
            <title xml:lang="en">Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Interplay of Unit Cell and Surface-Level Design and Performance Under Quantifiable Benchmarks</title>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Ammar</forename>
                <surname>Rafique</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1300301</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2935262-1300301</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6534-5611</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-525375"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Naveed</forename>
                <surname>Ul Hassan</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">96fa34f176d69e0f0a6742ca847ed1f5</email>
              <email type="domain">lums.edu.pk</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1300302</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">370199-1300302</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-6195</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Muhammad</forename>
                <surname>Zubair</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1300303</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2154388-1300303</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-5483</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-525375"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Ijaz Haider</forename>
                <surname>Naqvi</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1300304</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">356857-1300304</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8382-9217</idno>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Muhammad Qasim</forename>
                <surname>Mehmood</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1300305</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2935263-1300305</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2793-2137</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-525375"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Chau</forename>
                <surname>Yuen</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1160162</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1362951-1160162</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-300732"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Marco</forename>
                <surname>Di Renzo</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">af02fa2c437430dffaea012861949521</email>
              <email type="domain">l2s.centralesupelec.fr</email>
              <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">990425</idno>
              <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">516390-990425</idno>
              <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0772-8793</idno>
              <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/176504796</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1051117"/>
            </author>
            <author role="aut">
              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Mérouane</forename>
                <surname>Debbah</surname>
              </persName>
              <idno type="halauthorid">436413-0</idno>
              <affiliation ref="#struct-1051117"/>
            </author>
            <editor role="depositor">
              <persName>
                <forename>Shumin</forename>
                <surname>Wang</surname>
              </persName>
              <email type="md5">81138c07c9d05980801e5ba242d9c1c5</email>
              <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
            </editor>
            <funder ref="#projanr-98277"/>
            <funder ref="#projeurop-720253"/>
            <funder ref="#projeurop-714015"/>
            <funder>Research funded by Ministry of Education, Singapore, under its MOE Tier 2 (MOE-T2EP50220-0019) | Science and Engineering Research Council of A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) Singapore (M22L1b0110) Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR PEPR-5G and Future Networks) under Grant NF-PERSEUS (22-PEFT-004)</funder>
          </titleStmt>
          <editionStmt>
            <edition n="v1" type="current">
              <date type="whenSubmitted">2023-10-26 22:26:15</date>
              <date type="whenModified">2026-01-29 10:00:12</date>
              <date type="whenReleased">2023-10-27 11:55:59</date>
              <date type="whenProduced">2023-07-11</date>
              <date type="whenEndEmbargoed">2023-10-26</date>
              <ref type="file" target="https://hal.science/hal-04261290v1/document">
                <date notBefore="2023-10-26"/>
              </ref>
              <ref type="file" subtype="author" n="1" target="https://hal.science/hal-04261290v1/file/Reconfigurable%20Intelligent%20Surfaces%20Interplay%20of%20Unit%20Cell%20and%20Surface%20Level%20Design%20and%20Performance%20Under%20Quantifiable%20Benchmarks.pdf" id="file-4261290-3719089">
                <date notBefore="2023-10-26"/>
              </ref>
            </edition>
            <respStmt>
              <resp>contributor</resp>
              <name key="1327768">
                <persName>
                  <forename>Shumin</forename>
                  <surname>Wang</surname>
                </persName>
                <email type="md5">81138c07c9d05980801e5ba242d9c1c5</email>
                <email type="domain">gmail.com</email>
              </name>
            </respStmt>
          </editionStmt>
          <publicationStmt>
            <distributor>CCSD</distributor>
            <idno type="halId">hal-04261290</idno>
            <idno type="halUri">https://hal.science/hal-04261290</idno>
            <idno type="halBibtex">rafique:hal-04261290</idno>
            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society&lt;/i&gt;, 2023, 4, pp.1583-1599. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/OJCOMS.2023.3292357"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.1109/OJCOMS.2023.3292357&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
            <idno type="halRef">IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2023, 4, pp.1583-1599. &amp;#x27E8;10.1109/OJCOMS.2023.3292357&amp;#x27E9;</idno>
            <availability status="restricted">
              <licence target="https://about.hal.science/hal-authorisation-v1/">HAL Authorization<ref corresp="#file-4261290-3719089"/></licence>
            </availability>
          </publicationStmt>
          <seriesStmt>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SUP_LSS">Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="OPENAIRE">OpenAIRE</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="SUP_TELECOMS" corresp="SUP_LSS">Pôle Télécoms et Réseaux</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="CENTRALESUPELEC">Ecole CentraleSupélec</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-PARIS-SACLAY">Université Paris-Saclay</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIVERSITE-PARIS-SACLAY" corresp="UNIV-PARIS-SACLAY">Université Paris-Saclay</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="ANR">ANR</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GS-COMPUTER-SCIENCE">Graduate School Computer Science</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="GS-SPORT-HUMAN-MOVEMENT">Graduate School Sport, Mouvement, Facteurs Humains</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="PEPR_RESEAUX_DU_FUTUR">PEPR Réseaux du futur</idno>
            <idno type="stamp" n="NF-PERSEUS" corresp="PEPR_RESEAUX_DU_FUTUR">NF-PERSEUS</idno>
          </seriesStmt>
          <notesStmt>
            <note type="audience" n="2">International</note>
            <note type="popular" n="0">No</note>
            <note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note>
          </notesStmt>
          <sourceDesc>
            <biblStruct>
              <analytic>
                <title xml:lang="en">Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: Interplay of Unit Cell and Surface-Level Design and Performance Under Quantifiable Benchmarks</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Ammar</forename>
                    <surname>Rafique</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1300301</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2935262-1300301</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6534-5611</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-525375"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Naveed</forename>
                    <surname>Ul Hassan</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">96fa34f176d69e0f0a6742ca847ed1f5</email>
                  <email type="domain">lums.edu.pk</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1300302</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">370199-1300302</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5477-6195</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Muhammad</forename>
                    <surname>Zubair</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1300303</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2154388-1300303</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-5483</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-525375"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Ijaz Haider</forename>
                    <surname>Naqvi</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1300304</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">356857-1300304</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8382-9217</idno>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Muhammad Qasim</forename>
                    <surname>Mehmood</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1300305</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">2935263-1300305</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2793-2137</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-525375"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Chau</forename>
                    <surname>Yuen</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">1160162</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">1362951-1160162</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-300732"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Marco</forename>
                    <surname>Di Renzo</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <email type="md5">af02fa2c437430dffaea012861949521</email>
                  <email type="domain">l2s.centralesupelec.fr</email>
                  <idno type="idhal" notation="numeric">990425</idno>
                  <idno type="halauthorid" notation="string">516390-990425</idno>
                  <idno type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0772-8793</idno>
                  <idno type="IDREF">https://www.idref.fr/176504796</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1051117"/>
                </author>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Mérouane</forename>
                    <surname>Debbah</surname>
                  </persName>
                  <idno type="halauthorid">436413-0</idno>
                  <affiliation ref="#struct-1051117"/>
                </author>
              </analytic>
              <monogr>
                <idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">151974</idno>
                <idno type="issn">2644-125X</idno>
                <title level="j">IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society</title>
                <imprint>
                  <publisher>IEEE</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">4</biblScope>
                  <biblScope unit="pp">1583-1599</biblScope>
                  <date type="datePub">2023-07-11</date>
                </imprint>
              </monogr>
              <idno type="doi">10.1109/OJCOMS.2023.3292357</idno>
            </biblStruct>
          </sourceDesc>
          <profileDesc>
            <langUsage>
              <language ident="en">English</language>
            </langUsage>
            <textClass>
              <keywords scheme="author">
                <term xml:lang="en">Radio transmitters</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Benchmark testing</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Complexity theory</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">PIN photodiodes</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Wireless communication</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Receivers</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Antenna radiation patterns</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="spi.signal">Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halOldTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="halTreeTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode>
            </textClass>
            <abstract xml:lang="en">
              <p>The ability of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) to produce complex radiation patterns in the far-field is determined by various factors, such as the unit cell’s design, spatial arrangement, tuning mechanism, the communication and control circuitry’s complexity, and the illuminating source’s type (point/planewave). Research on RIS has been mainly focused on two areas: first, the optimization and design of unit cells to achieve desired electromagnetic responses within a specific frequency band, and second, exploring the applications of RIS in various settings, including system-level performance analysis. The former does not assume any specific full radiation pattern on the surface level, while the latter does not consider any particular unit cell design. Both approaches largely ignore the complexity and power requirements of the RIS control circuitry. As we progress toward the fabrication and use of RIS in real-world settings, it is becoming increasingly necessary to consider the interplay between the unit cell design, the required surface-level radiation patterns, the control circuit’s complexity, and the power requirements concurrently. In this paper, we propose a benchmarking framework comprising a set of simple and complex radiation patterns. Using full-wave simulations, we compare the relative performance of various RISs made from unit cell designs that use PIN diodes as control elements in producing the full radiation patterns in the far-field of the RIS under point/planewave source assumptions. We also analyze the control circuit complexity and power requirements and explore the tradeoffs of various designs.</p>
            </abstract>
          </profileDesc>
        </biblFull>
      </listBibl>
    </body>
    <back>
      <listOrg type="structures">
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-525375" status="VALID">
          <orgName>Information Technology University [Lahore]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">ITU</orgName>
          <date type="start">2012-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>6th Floor، ARFA Tower, Ferozepur Road, Nishtar Town, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan</addrLine>
              <country key="PK"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://itu.edu.pk/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-300732" status="VALID">
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02e7b5302</idno>
          <orgName>Nanyang Technological University [Singapour]</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">NTU</orgName>
          <date type="start">1955-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapour 639798</addrLine>
              <country key="SG"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.ntu.edu.sg/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="laboratory" xml:id="struct-1051117" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">133818799</idno>
          <idno type="RNSR">199812842X</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/00skw9v43</idno>
          <orgName>Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">L2S</orgName>
          <date type="start">2020-01-01</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Plateau de Moulon 3 rue Joliot Curie 91192 GIF SUR YVETTE CEDEX</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.l2s.centralesupelec.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
          <listRelation>
            <relation active="#struct-411575" type="direct"/>
            <relation active="#struct-419361" type="direct"/>
            <relation name="UMR8506" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"/>
          </listRelation>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-411575" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">184443237</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/019tcpt25</idno>
          <orgName>CentraleSupélec</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>3, rue Joliot Curie,Plateau de Moulon,91192 GIF-SUR-YVETTE Cedex</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">http://www.centralesupelec.fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="institution" xml:id="struct-419361" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">241345251</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/03xjwb503</idno>
          <orgName>Université Paris-Saclay</orgName>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <addrLine>Bâtiment Bréguet, 3 Rue Joliot Curie 2e ét, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette</addrLine>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.universite-paris-saclay.fr/fr</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
        <org type="regroupinstitution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID">
          <idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno>
          <idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno>
          <idno type="ROR">https://ror.org/02feahw73</idno>
          <orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName>
          <orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName>
          <date type="start">1939-10-19</date>
          <desc>
            <address>
              <country key="FR"/>
            </address>
            <ref type="url">https://www.cnrs.fr/</ref>
          </desc>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
      <listOrg type="projects">
        <org type="anrProject" xml:id="projanr-98277" status="VALID">
          <idno type="anr">ANR-22-PEFT-0004</idno>
          <orgName>NF-PERSEUS</orgName>
          <desc>Power-efficient radio interface for sub-7GHz distributed massive MIMO infrastructUres</desc>
          <date type="start">2022</date>
        </org>
        <org type="europeanProject" xml:id="projeurop-720253" status="VALID">
          <idno type="number">871464</idno>
          <idno type="program">H2020-ICT-2018-20</idno>
          <idno type="call">H2020-ICT-2019-2</idno>
          <orgName>ARIADNE</orgName>
          <desc>Artificial Intelligence Aided D-band Network for 5G Long Term Evolution</desc>
          <date type="start">2019-11-01</date>
          <date type="end">2023-07-31</date>
        </org>
        <org type="europeanProject" xml:id="projeurop-714015" status="VALID">
          <idno type="number">101017011</idno>
          <idno type="program">H2020-ICT-2018-20</idno>
          <idno type="call">H2020-ICT-2020-2</idno>
          <orgName>RISE-6G</orgName>
          <desc>Reconfigurable Intelligent Sustainable Environments for 6G Wireless Networks</desc>
          <date type="start">2021-01-01</date>
          <date type="end">2023-12-31</date>
        </org>
      </listOrg>
    </back>
  </text>
</TEI>