Effect of Hatha yoga in patients with eating disorders: a clinical study.
Résumé
Introduction: Eating Disorders (ED), such as anorexia and bulimia, affect about 10% of young people [1]. Physiological and psycho-cognitive comorbidities are commonly associated with ED, including interoceptive deficit [2]. Interoceptive awareness (IA) is the ability to identify, access, understand, and respond appropriately to internal cues (digestive system, muscle tension, heart rate, etc.) [3]. IA can be improved by mind-body practices such as meditation or yoga [2]. To our knowledge, the effect of yoga on IA has not yet been studied in ED patients. The aims of this study are 1) to assess the effect of yoga on IA of ED patients and 2), on body mass index (BMI), eating attitudes, mood, exercise motives and sleep quality, in a clinical setting.
Method: After 8-weeks of three Hatha yoga sessions per week, 11 inpatient participants (age = 25.91) completed the multidimensional assessment of IA (MAIA) scale, the eating attitude test (EAT-26), the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HAD), the exercise motivation inventory-2 (EMI-2) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI).
Results: A non-parametric analysis showed a significant improvement in the MAIA score after the 8 weeks of yoga (p<.05), with a pre-program score of 63/160 and a post-program score of 84/160. Significant improvement were also found in BMI (18.37 to 19.44), EAT-26 score (39 to 25), HAD depression score (7 to 4) and EMI-2 body-related motivations score (7.75 to 6.56).
Conclusion: The decrease observed in the EAT-26 score as well as the increase in BMI confirmed that yoga is suitable for ED patients and does not affect treatment [2]. The decrease in the depression score confirmed the positive effect of yoga on mood observed in other studies [2]. The decrease in body-related motivations score suggests that yoga contributed to shift from an exercise-related mindset, to a less body-oriented goal. It show a new vision of yoga for patients with ED and could be a new therapeutic lever to address problematic exercise in ED. The increase in MAIA score revealed a positive effect of yoga on IA and highlights that IA may be an important target for yoga intervention in ED. However, these results need to be taken with caution, as the sample size remains small. Additional data are needed as well as a control group.
References
[1]J. Treasure, « Eating disorders », Medicine (Baltimore), vol. 48, no 11, p. 727‑731, nov. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.mpmed.2020.08.001.
[2]B. Demartini et al., « The effect of a single yoga class on interoceptive accuracy in patients affected by anorexia nervosa and in healthy controls: a pilot study », Eat. Weight Disord., vol. 26, no 5, p. 1427‑1435, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s40519-020-00950-3.
[3]C. J. Price et C. Hooven, « Interoceptive Awareness Skills for Emotion Regulation: Theory and Approach of Mindful Awareness in Body-Oriented Therapy (MABT) », Front. Psychol., vol. 9, p. 798, mai 2018, doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00798.
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