Tree rings are reputed paleoenvironemental and palaeoclimate archives. In addition to an annually-resolved absolute chronology, they afford crucial palaeoclimate information from tree-rings thickness, and carbon and oxygen isotopes of cellulose. To our knowledge, lipid biomarkers preserved in tree rings have received little attention. Here we explore their palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimate potential by focusing on the impacts of (1) taxonomy, (2) diagenesis/ageing, (3) provenance and/or climatic conditions on biomarker imprints. Additionally, we provide quantitative data to discuss the feasibility of further analyses such as compound-specific isotope measurements. We have analyzed lipid biomarkers extracted from tree species belonging to the Gymnosperms (Austrocedrus chilensis, Fitzroya cupressoides, Sequoia sp., Araucaria araucana, Cedrus sp., Picea linzhiensis, Pinus sylvestris) and Angiosperms (Nothofagus pumilio, Phylica arborea, Phylica nitida, Psidium guajava, Quercus sp.) divisions. Samples were collected in France, Patagonia, Amsterdam Island, Sweden, Indian Ocean and Himalaya. Two samples of P. sylvestris are dated at -1300 and ~-8200 BP. Initial and final wood in annual tree rings were distinguished in samples from Quercus sp. The extracts contained fatty acids, tricyclic diterpenes, sterols and pentacyclic triterpenes. Fatty acids (analyzed as their methyl esters), were the most abundant compounds in all extracts (up to 50 μg/g). These concentrations are too low to envisage compound-specific H isotope analyses at the tree ring scale, considering the usual weight of tree ring samples ranging between 10 and 100mg. Their distribution exhibit a strong even/odd predominance and a maximum at C24. As expected, tricyclic diterpenes (or their diagenetic derivatives such as abietatriene) were exclusively found in Gymnosperms. Sterols were found in all samples. No distinction could be found in sterols distribution related to taxa, age or provenance could be evidenced. The presence of 3α-methoxy-serrat-14-ene could be ascertained in P. linzhiensis and in the most recent P. sylvestris sample, but not in the ~-8200 old one. This is in line with the occurrence of methoxy-serratenes in Pinaceae (Le Milbeau et al., 2013). C-3 oxygenated pentacyclic triterpenes with ursane, oleanane and lupane skeleton such as α-, β- and δ-amyrins and germanicol, their corresponding ketones and acetates, as well as lup-20(29)-en-3-one were found in all angiosperm samples, as expected (Xu et al., 2004). This preliminary study indicates that lipids in tree rings, although not abundant, has the potential to retain environmental information. Future work will focus on a more detailed examination of quantitative differences related to provenance, climate and age of the samples and seasonal/annual variations through a tree ring core.