The 2023 terahertz science and technology roadmap
Alfred Leitenstorfer
(1)
,
Andrey Moskalenko
(2)
,
Tobias Kampfrath
(3)
,
Junichiro Kono
(4)
,
Enrique Castro-Camus
(5)
,
Kun Peng
(6)
,
Naser Qureshi
(7)
,
Dmitry Turchinovich
(8)
,
Koichiro Tanaka
(9)
,
Andrea Markelz
,
Martina Havenith
,
Cameron Hough
,
Hannah Joyce
,
Willie Padilla
(10)
,
Binbin Zhou
(11)
,
Ki-Yong Kim
(12)
,
Xi-Cheng Zhang
(13)
,
Peter Uhd Jepsen
(11)
,
Sukhdeep Dhillon
(14)
,
Miriam Vitiello
(15)
,
Edmund Linfield
(16)
,
a Giles Davies
(16)
,
Matthias Hoffmann
,
Roger Lewis
,
Masayoshi Tonouchi
,
Pernille Klarskov
,
Tom Seifert
,
Yaroslav Gerasimenko
,
Dragan Mihailovic
,
Rupert Huber
,
Jessica Boland
,
Oleg Mitrofanov
,
Paul Dean
,
Brian Ellison
,
Peter Huggard
,
Simon Rea
,
Christopher Walker
,
David Leisawitz
,
Jian Rong Gao
,
Chong Li
,
Qin Chen
,
Gintaras Valušis
,
Vincent Wallace
,
Emma Pickwell-Macpherson
,
Xiaobang Shang
,
Jeffrey Hesler
,
Nick Ridler
,
Cyril Renaud
,
Ingmar Kallfass
,
Tadao Nagatsuma
(17)
,
J Axel Zeitler
,
Don Arnone
,
Michael Johnston
,
John Cunningham
(16)
1
Department of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics
2 KAIST - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
3 Fachbereich Physik [Freie Univeristät Berlin] | Department of Physics [Freie Univeristät Berlin]
4 Electrical and Computer Engineering - Rice University
5 Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg
6 Clarendon Laboratory [Oxford]
7 UNAM - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico
8 Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University
9 Department of Physics [Kyoto]
10 ECE - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Durham]
11 DTU Electro - Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering
12 IREAP - Institute for research in electronics and applied physics
13 The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester
14 Nano-THz
15 NEST - National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology
16 School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering [Leeds]
17 Graduate School of Engineering Science [Toyonaka, Osaka]
2 KAIST - Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
3 Fachbereich Physik [Freie Univeristät Berlin] | Department of Physics [Freie Univeristät Berlin]
4 Electrical and Computer Engineering - Rice University
5 Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg
6 Clarendon Laboratory [Oxford]
7 UNAM - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico
8 Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University
9 Department of Physics [Kyoto]
10 ECE - Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering [Durham]
11 DTU Electro - Department of Electrical and Photonics Engineering
12 IREAP - Institute for research in electronics and applied physics
13 The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester
14 Nano-THz
15 NEST - National Enterprise for nanoScience and nanoTechnology
16 School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering [Leeds]
17 Graduate School of Engineering Science [Toyonaka, Osaka]
Andrey Moskalenko
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285062
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0028-4459
Tobias Kampfrath
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285063
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8854-8713
Enrique Castro-Camus
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285064
- ORCID : 0000-0002-8218-9155
Kun Peng
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285065
- ORCID : 0000-0002-2111-3341
Naser Qureshi
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285066
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5333-9126
Dmitry Turchinovich
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285067
- ORCID : 0000-0003-0054-7092
Andrea Markelz
- Fonction : Auteur
Martina Havenith
- Fonction : Auteur
Cameron Hough
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285068
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8008-7561
Hannah Joyce
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285069
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9737-680X
Peter Uhd Jepsen
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1232618
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3915-1167
Miriam Vitiello
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1284882
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4914-0421
Edmund Linfield
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 819342
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6912-0535
a Giles Davies
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 819343
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1987-4846
Matthias Hoffmann
- Fonction : Auteur
Roger Lewis
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1264497
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4598-7553
Masayoshi Tonouchi
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285070
- ORCID : 0000-0002-9284-3501
Pernille Klarskov
- Fonction : Auteur
Tom Seifert
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285071
- ORCID : 0000-0001-8163-482X
Yaroslav Gerasimenko
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285072
- ORCID : 0000-0002-5337-284X
Dragan Mihailovic
- Fonction : Auteur
Rupert Huber
- Fonction : Auteur
Jessica Boland
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285073
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6351-5699
Oleg Mitrofanov
- Fonction : Auteur
Paul Dean
- Fonction : Auteur
Brian Ellison
- Fonction : Auteur
Peter Huggard
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285074
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6613-5683
Simon Rea
- Fonction : Auteur
Christopher Walker
- Fonction : Auteur
David Leisawitz
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285075
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1000-2547
Jian Rong Gao
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285076
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7306-6607
Chong Li
- Fonction : Auteur
Qin Chen
- Fonction : Auteur
Gintaras Valušis
- Fonction : Auteur
Vincent Wallace
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285077
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3814-5400
Emma Pickwell-Macpherson
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285078
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6062-5959
Xiaobang Shang
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285079
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0298-4184
Jeffrey Hesler
- Fonction : Auteur
Nick Ridler
- Fonction : Auteur
Cyril Renaud
- Fonction : Auteur
Ingmar Kallfass
- Fonction : Auteur
J Axel Zeitler
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285080
- ORCID : 0000-0002-4958-0582
Don Arnone
- Fonction : Auteur
Michael Johnston
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285081
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0301-8033
John Cunningham
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1285082
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1805-9743
Résumé
Abstract Terahertz (THz) radiation encompasses a wide spectral range within the electromagnetic spectrum that extends from microwaves to the far infrared (100 GHz–∼30 THz). Within its frequency boundaries exist a broad variety of scientific disciplines that have presented, and continue to present, technical challenges to researchers. During the past 50 years, for instance, the demands of the scientific community have substantially evolved and with a need for advanced instrumentation to support radio astronomy, Earth observation, weather forecasting, security imaging, telecommunications, non-destructive device testing and much more. Furthermore, applications have required an emergence of technology from the laboratory environment to production-scale supply and in-the-field deployments ranging from harsh ground-based locations to deep space. In addressing these requirements, the research and development community has advanced related technology and bridged the transition between electronics and photonics that high frequency operation demands. The multidisciplinary nature of THz work was our stimulus for creating the 2017 THz Science and Technology Roadmap (Dhillon et al 2017 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50 043001). As one might envisage, though, there remains much to explore both scientifically and technically and the field has continued to develop and expand rapidly. It is timely, therefore, to revise our previous roadmap and in this 2023 version we both provide an update on key developments in established technical areas that have important scientific and public benefit, and highlight new and emerging areas that show particular promise. The developments that we describe thus span from fundamental scientific research, such as THz astronomy and the emergent area of THz quantum optics, to highly applied and commercially and societally impactful subjects that include 6G THz communications, medical imaging, and climate monitoring and prediction. Our Roadmap vision draws upon the expertise and perspective of multiple international specialists that together provide an overview of past developments and the likely challenges facing the field of THz science and technology in future decades. The document is written in a form that is accessible to policy makers who wish to gain an overview of the current state of the THz art, and for the non-specialist and curious who wish to understand available technology and challenges. A such, our experts deliver a ‘snapshot’ introduction to the current status of the field and provide suggestions for exciting future technical development directions. Ultimately, we intend the Roadmap to portray the advantages and benefits of the THz domain and to stimulate further exploration of the field in support of scientific research and commercial realisation.