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            <title xml:lang="fr">Approche archéométrique de la proto-industrie du fer : les conditions de réduction des minerais de fer de Lorraine et la chaîne opératoire dans la sidérurgie antérieure à l'apparition du haut fourneau</title>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Archeosciences, revue d'Archéométrie&lt;/i&gt;, 1994, 18, pp.53-64. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arsci.1994.915"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.3406/arsci.1994.915&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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            <idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-LORRAINE">Université de Lorraine</idno>
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                <title xml:lang="fr">Approche archéométrique de la proto-industrie du fer : les conditions de réduction des minerais de fer de Lorraine et la chaîne opératoire dans la sidérurgie antérieure à l'apparition du haut fourneau</title>
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                <title level="j">Archeosciences, revue d'Archéométrie</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">Archaeometallurgy of iron</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">direct reduction</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">oolitic iron ore</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">chemical analysis</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">Lorraine</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Sidérurgie ancienne</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">réduction directe</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">minerai oolithique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">analyses chimiques</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Lorraine</term>
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              <p>This study deals with the issue of the exploitation of calcareous and phosphorus iron ore in ancient ironmetallurgy before the coming of the blast furnace. An archaeological and archeometrical researchshows how oolitic sedimentary iron ore of central Lorraine (called «minette») has been used, sinceAntiquity, in preference to a siderolitic one even if the latter is richer in iron. The chemical analyses of290 slags and iron ores identify what sort of ore was used in each reduction site. Archaeologicalremains of three excavated reduction sites, completed by chemical and metallographic analyses ofslags, were investigated to understand how oolitic iron ore in direct reduction process was used :reducibility and fusibility of ore, working of the furnaces, production of iron. Some archaeological datain urban and rural settlements introduce the discussion about post-reduction operations</p>
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              <p>L'inventaire systématique des anciens sites sidérurgiques de Lorraine, couplé à un programmed'analyses chimiques des déchets de production, permet de mettre en lumière les corrélations entreles minerais existants et les scories archéologiques. Celles-ci présentent une image, bien quedéformée, encore proche du minerai dont elles sont issues. Les données archéologiques recueilliespermettent de montrer que le minerai oolithique est utilisé dès l'Antiquité. Les diagrammes de phasespermettent d'approcher les notions de filiation précise entre minerais et scories et d'observerd'éventuels ajouts à la charge (rôle de fondants ?).Un certain nombre de sites en contexte d'habitat ne présente pas de filiation avec les minerais étudiés.Les données archéométriques et archéologiques permettent vraisemblablement d'identifier des phasesde travail postérieures à la réduction, de «l'affinage» a la «forge».</p>
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