Ski tourism is a substantial component of the economy of mountainous regions in Europe and highly vulnerable to snow scarcity, which increases due to climate change. However the climate change snow supply risk to ski tourism has not been quantified in a consistent way throughout Europe, including the influence and environmental footprint of snowmaking. Here we show that the snow supply risk to ski tourism increases with global warming level, heterogeneously within and across mountain areas and countries. Without snowmaking, 53% and 98% of the 2,234 ski resorts studied in 28 European countries are projected at very high risk for snow supply under global warming of 2 • C and 4 • C, respectively. By contrast, assuming a snowmaking fractional coverage of 50% leads to a proportion of 27% and 71%, respectively, but with increasing water and electricity demand (and related carbon footprint) of snow-making. While it represents a modest fraction of the overall carbon footprint of ski tourism, snowmaking is an inherent part of the ski tourism industry and it epitomizes some of the key challenges at the nexus between climate change adaptation, mitigation, and sustainable development in the mountains, with their high social-ecological vulnerability.